{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:44:33Z","timestamp":1765889073646},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitive skin is described as an unpleasant sensory response to a stimulus that should not cause a sensation. Sensitive skin affects an increasing proportion of the population. Sixty-seven participants who tested positive to lactic acid sting test were recruited and randomized into two groups to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of a new birch juice spray for repairing sensitive skin. One group used test spray A, while the other group used spray B as a control. Both groups were sprayed six times daily for 28\u00a0days. Noninvasive testing instruments were used to measure stratum corneum hydration, sebum content, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion and current perception threshold before and after using spray. Facial images were captured by VISIA-CR, and the image analysis program (Image\u2010Pro Plus) was used to analyze these to obtain the redness value of the facial skin. Moreover, lactic acid sting test scores and participants\u2019 self-assessments were also performed at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Both sprays A and B significantly decreased the lactic acid sting test score, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and redness, while increasing the stratum corneum hydration. Compared to spray B, spray A increased sensory nerve thresholds at 5\u00a0Hz and decreased the transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and lactic acid sting test score. Sprays containing birch juice improved cutaneous biophysical properties in participants with sensitive skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1679655771000},"page":"2271-2281","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shizhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR1","first-page":"67","volume":"8","author":"ZD Draelos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Draelos ZD (1997) Sensitive skin: perceptions, evaluation, and treatment. Am J Contact Derm 8(2):67\u201378","journal-title":"Am J Contact Derm"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2588_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13529","volume":"30","author":"M Sulzberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sulzberger M, Worthmann AC, Holtzmann U et al (2016) Effective treatment for sensitive skin: 4-t-butylcyclohexanol and licochalcone A. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(Suppl 1):9\u201317","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2588_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.01.011","volume":"35","author":"L Misery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Misery L (2017) Neuropsychiatric factors in sensitive skin. Clin Dermatol 35(3):281\u2013284","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.104664","volume":"79","author":"AC Inamadar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Inamadar AC, Palit A (2013) Sensitive skin: an overview. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 79(1):9\u201316","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2588_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17162","volume":"35","author":"L Misery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Misery L, Morisset S, S\u00e9it\u00e9 S et al (2021) Relationship between sensitive skin and sleep disorders, fatigue, dust, sweating, food, tobacco consumption or female hormonal changes: results from a worldwide survey of 10 743 individuals. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 35(6):1371\u20131376","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2012.00754.x","volume":"35","author":"E Berardesca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berardesca E, Farage M, Maibach H (2013) Sensitive skin: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci 35(1):2\u20138","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16000","volume":"34","author":"L Misery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Misery L, Weisshaar E, Brenaut E et al (2020) Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(2):222\u2013229","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2397","volume":"97","author":"L Misery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Misery L, St\u00e4nder S, Szepietowski JC et al (2017) Definition of sensitive skin: an expert position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the international forum for the study of itch. Acta Derm Venereol 97(1):4\u20136","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2588_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6310-6","volume":"99","author":"Y Achmon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Achmon Y, Fishman A (2015) The antioxidant hydroxytyrosol: biotechnological production challenges and opportunities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(3):1119\u20131130","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"20","key":"2588_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12507","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012507","volume":"23","author":"S Smiljanic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smiljanic S, Messaraa C, Lafon-Kolb V et al (2022) Betula alba bark extract and empetrum nigrum fruit juice, a natural alternative to niacinamide for skin barrier benefits. Int J Mol Sci 23(20):12507","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2588_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201949","volume":"13","author":"V Isidorov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isidorov V, Szoka \u0141, Nazaruk J (2018) Cytotoxicity of white birch bud extracts: perspectives for therapy of tumours. PLoS ONE 13(8):e0201949","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR12","first-page":"188","volume":"9","author":"M Softa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Softa M, Percoco G, Lati E et al (2019) Birch sap (betula alba) and chaga mushroom (inonotus obliquus) extracts show anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and dna protection\/repair activity in vitro. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl 9(2):188\u2013205","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.3545","volume":"86","author":"A Wnorowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wnorowski A, Bilek M, Stawarczyk K et al (2017) Metabolic activity of tree saps of diferent origin towards cultured human cells in the light of grade correspondence analysis and multiple regression modeling. Acta Soc Bot Pol 86(2):1\u201310","journal-title":"Acta Soc Bot Pol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2588_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.2012.036","volume":"81","author":"I Svanberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Svanberg I, S\u00f5ukand R, Luczaj L et al (2012) Uses of tree saps in northern and eastern parts of Europe. Acta Soc Bot Pol 81(4):343","journal-title":"Acta Soc Bot Pol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR15","first-page":"222","volume":"22","author":"R Ozolin\u010dius","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ozolin\u010dius R, Bareika V, Met R et al (2009) Chemical composition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh) Sap. Balt For 22(2):222\u2013229","journal-title":"Balt For"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(89)90115-5","volume":"33","author":"S Ahtonen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ahtonen S, Kallio H (1989) Identification and seasonal variations of amino acids in birch sap used for syrup production. Food Chem 33(2):125\u2013132","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13328.x","volume":"50","author":"H Kallio","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kallio H, Ahtonen S, Raulo J et al (1985) Identification of the sugars and acids in birch sap. J Food Sci 50(1):266\u2013269","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45328-2_11","volume":"1265","author":"F Solano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solano F (2020) Metabolism and functions of amino acids in the skin. Adv Exp Med Biol 1265(1):187\u2013199","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2588_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13616","volume":"19","author":"M Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang M, Zhou M, Song L (2020) A review of fatty acids influencing skin condition. J Cosmet Dermatol 19(12):3199\u20133204","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010203","volume":"13","author":"M Michalak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michalak M, Pierzak M, Bet K et al (2021) Bioactive compounds for skin health: a review. Nutrients 13(1):203","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2588_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152889","volume":"11","author":"RY Reins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reins RY, Hanlon SD, Magadi S et al (2016) Effects of topically applied vitamin d during corneal wound healing. PLoS ONE 11(4):e0152889","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2588_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080866","volume":"9","author":"JM Pullar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM (2017) The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients 9(8):866","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2588_CR23","first-page":"7","volume":"02","author":"ML Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu ML, Chun-Hui LV (2015) Application of vitamins and their derivatives in cosmetics. Jiangxi Chem Ind 02:7\u20138","journal-title":"Jiangxi Chem Ind"},{"key":"2588_CR24","first-page":"43","volume":"6","author":"R Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang R (2012) Application of minerals in cosmetics. Deterg Cosmet 6:43\u201346","journal-title":"Deterg Cosmet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2588_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00391.x","volume":"15","author":"E Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee E, An S, Lee TR et al (2009) Development of a novel method for quantitative evaluation of sensory skin irritation inhibitors. Skin Res Tech 15(4):464\u2013469","journal-title":"Skin Res Tech"},{"key":"2588_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000441547","volume":"49","author":"I Angelova-Fischer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Angelova-Fischer I (2016) Irritants and skin barrier function. Curr Probl Dermatol 49:80\u201389","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2588_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.3.1207","volume":"109","author":"SH Yuspa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yuspa SH, Kilkenny AE, Steinert PM et al (1989) Expression of murine epidermal differentiation markers is tightly regulated by restricted extracellular calcium concentrations in vitro. J Cell Biol 109(3):1207\u20131217","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2588_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19622.x","volume":"119","author":"P Elias","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elias P, Ahn S, Brown B et al (2003) Origin of the epidermal calcium gradient: regulation by barrier status and role of active vs passive mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 119(6):1269\u20131274","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR29","first-page":"135","volume":"39","author":"PM Elias","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elias PM, Wu Y, Chen C et al (2010) Regulation of epidermal barrier functions by calcium. J Clin Dermatol 39(2):135\u2013137","journal-title":"J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.04.007","volume":"55","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamasaki K, Gallo RL (2009) The molecular pathology of rosacea. J Dermatol Sci 55(2):77\u201381","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2588_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00371742","volume":"287","author":"P Celerier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Celerier P, Richard A, Litoux P et al (1995) Modulatory effects of selenium and strontium salts on keratinocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines. Arch Dermatol Res 287(7):680\u2013682","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2588_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.1999.99099.x","volume":"25","author":"GS Hahn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hahn GS (1999) Strontium is a potent and selective inhibitor of sensory irritation. Dermatol Surg 25(9):689\u2013694","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00886.x","volume":"55","author":"MA Farage","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farage MA, Katsarou A, Maibach HI (2006) Sensory, clinical and physiological factors in sensitive skin: a review. Contact Derm 55(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"Contact Derm"},{"issue":"6","key":"2588_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05764.x","volume":"38","author":"S Seidenari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seidenari S, Francomano M, Mantovani L (1998) Baseline biophysical parameters in subjects with sensitive skin. Contact Derm 38(6):311\u2013315","journal-title":"Contact Derm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2588_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2008.00312.x","volume":"14","author":"B Querleux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Querleux B, Dauchot K, Jourdain R et al (2008) Neural basis of sensitive skin: a fMRI study. Skin Res Tech 14(4):454\u2013461","journal-title":"Skin Res Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0097-6","volume":"6","author":"S Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong S, Lee SH, Park BD et al (2016) Comparison of the efficacy of atopalm multi-lamellar emulsion cream and physiogel intensive cream in improving epidermal permeability barrier in sensitive skin. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 6(1):47\u201356","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2588_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13610","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Jin Y, Humbert P et al (2021) An herbal cream reduces erythema of sensitive skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 20(3):792\u2013797","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2588_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S325166","volume":"14","author":"Y Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan Y, Ma X, Song Y et al (2021) Questionnaire and lactic acid sting test play different role on the assessment of sensitive skin: a cross-sectional study. Clin Cosmet Inv Derm 14:1215\u20131225","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Inv Derm"},{"issue":"6","key":"2588_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14476","volume":"21","author":"W Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wang J, Zhang H et al (2022) Seasonal changes in the physiological features of healthy and sensitive skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(6):2581\u20132589","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR40","first-page":"50","volume":"38","author":"E Berardesca","year":"1990","unstructured":"Berardesca E, Maibach HI (1990) Transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in the non invasive assessment of stratum corneum function. Derm Beruf Umwelt 38(2):50\u201353","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"issue":"3","key":"2588_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00527.x","volume":"32","author":"MO Ferreira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferreira MO, Costa PC, Bahia MF (2010) Effect of S\u00e3o Pedro do Sul thermal water on skin irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci 32(3):205\u2013210","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2588_CR42","first-page":"657","volume":"17","author":"J Zeichner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeichner J, Seite S (2018) From probiotic to prebiotic using thermal spring water. J Drugs Dermatol 17(6):657\u2013662","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2588_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03892.x","volume":"25","author":"C Merial-Kieny","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merial-Kieny C, Castex-Rizzi N, Selas B, Mery S, Guerrero D (2011) Av\u00e8ne Thermal Spring Water: an active component with specific properties. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25(Suppl 1):2\u20135","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2588_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03902.x","volume":"25","author":"T Bieber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bieber T (2011) More scientific evidence for the therapeutic benefit of hydrotherapy in Av\u00e8ne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25(Suppl 1):1","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2588_CR45","first-page":"2","volume":"35","author":"E Berardesca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berardesca E, Farage M, Maibach H (2013) Sensitive skin: an overview. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 35(1):2\u20138","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13301","volume":"30","author":"KA Engebretsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engebretsen KA, Johansen JD, Kezic S, Linneberg A, Thyssen JP (2016) The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(2):223\u2013249","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2588_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15985","volume":"34","author":"E Brenaut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brenaut E, Barnetche T, Gall-Ianotto CL et al (2020) Triggering factors in sensitive skin from the worldwide patients\u2019 point of view: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(2):230","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T07:04:24Z","timestamp":1693206264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-023-02588-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2018\u5e74\u5ba1(351)\u53f7).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}