{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:45:22Z","timestamp":1792619122810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024211","name":"Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While several studies have examined the role of T cells and related cytokines in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), there is a limited amount of research focusing on the changes in cytokine levels during omalizumab treatment. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cytokine profile (including IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-31, IL-33, and TNF\u03b1) among CSU patients undergoing to omalizumab treatment. Plasma levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. Measurements were taken before CSU treatment, at the 3rd and 6th months of omalizumab treatment, and once in the control group. The severity of the patients\u2019 disease was assessed using the weekly Urticaria Activity Score(UAS7), and disease control was evaluated using the Urticaria Control Test(UCT). Thirty-one CSU patients and 56 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-33 were significantly lower in patients with CSU compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038, respectively). During omalizumab treatment, IL-4 levels showed a significant increase in the 3rd month compared to baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and IL-5 levels significantly decreased in the 6th month compared to both the 3rd month and baseline (6th month vs. baseline; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006, 6th month vs. 3rd month; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). One potential mechanism of action for omalizumab may involve its regulatory effects on type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU patients. This finding partially explains the efficacy of anti-IL-4\/13 treatments in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Further investigations on drugs targeting type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T12:01:55Z","timestamp":1716638515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inflammatory cytokine levels and changes during omalizumab treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Selcen","family":"Ho\u015fg\u00f6ren-Tekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem Peker","family":"Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Akkiprik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anda\u00e7","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090","volume":"77","author":"T Zuberbier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, Aquilina S, Asero R, Baker D et al (2022) The international EAACI\/GA\u00b2LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy 77(3):734\u2013766","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2966_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.036","volume":"135","author":"TW Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang TW, Chen C, Lin CJ, Metz M, Church MK, Maurer M (2015) The potential pharmacologic mechanisms of omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(2):337\u2013342","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2966_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00157-1","volume":"14","author":"K Asai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Asai K, Kitaura J, Kawakami Y, Yamagata N, Tsai M, Carbone DP et al (2001) Regulation of mast cell survival by IgE. Immunity 14(6):791\u2013800","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2966_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.03.033","volume":"9","author":"AM Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau AM, DeMontojoye L, Asero R, Cugno M, Kulthanan K, Yanase Y et al (2021) The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria: the role of infiltrating cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 9(6):2195\u20132208","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2966_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.025","volume":"8","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Church MK, Altrichter S, Skov PS, Hawro T, Frischbutter S et al (2020) Eosinopenia, in chronic spontaneous Urticaria, is Associated with High Disease Activity, Autoimmunity, and poor response to treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 8(1):318\u201325e5","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01589.x","volume":"33","author":"CE Grattan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grattan CE, Dawn G, Gibbs S, Francis DM (2003) Blood basophil numbers in chronic ordinary urticaria and healthy controls: diurnal variation, influence of loratadine and prednisolone and relationship to disease activity. Clin Exp Allergy 33(3):337\u2013341","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12831","volume":"30","author":"S Altrichter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altrichter S, Hawro T, H\u00e4nel K, Czaja K, L\u00fcscher B, Maurer M et al (2016) Successful omalizumab treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria is associated with lowering of serum IL-31 levels. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30(3):454\u2013455","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2966_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16216","volume":"34","author":"MM Rauber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauber MM, Pickert J, Holiangu L, M\u00f6bs C, Pf\u00fctzner W (2020) Omalizumab response correlates with reduced IFN-\u03b3-, IL-10- and IL-31-secreting cells in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(9):2078\u20132085","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2966_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12901","volume":"71","author":"M Maurer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maurer M, Metz M, Bindslev-Jensen C, Bousquet J, Canonica GW, Church MK et al (2016) Definition, aims, and implementation of GA(2) LEN Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence. Allergy 71(8):1210\u20131218","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15454","volume":"177","author":"D Stull","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stull D, McBride D, Tian H, Gimenez Arnau A, Maurer M, Marsland A et al (2017) Analysis of disease activity categories in chronic spontaneous\/idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 177(4):1093\u20131101","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2966_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1076","volume":"133","author":"K Weller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weller K, Groffik A, Church MK, Hawro T, Krause K, Metz M et al (2014) Development and validation of the Urticaria Control Test: a patient-reported outcome instrument for assessing urticaria control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133(5):1365\u20131372 72.e1-6","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2966_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2018.11.007","volume":"12","author":"E Kocat\u00fcrk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kocat\u00fcrk E, K\u0131z\u0131lta\u00e7 U, Can P, \u00d6zta\u015f Kara R, Erdem T, K\u0131z\u0131lta\u00e7 K et al (2019) Validation of the Turkish version of the Urticaria Control Test: correlation with other tools and comparison between spontaneous and inducible chronic urticaria. World Allergy Organ J 12(1):100009","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2966_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3085","volume":"27","author":"M Ferrer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrer M, Boccon-Gibod I, Gon\u00e7alo M, \u0130nal\u00f6z HS, Knulst A, Lapeere H et al (2017) Expert opinion: defining response to omalizumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Eur J Dermatol 27(5):455\u2013463","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"2966_CR14","unstructured":"Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, Aquilina S, Asero R, Baker D et al (2021) The international EAACI\/GA\u00b2LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13083","volume":"72","author":"AP Kaplan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaplan AP, Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau AM, Saini SS (2017) Mechanisms of action that contribute to efficacy of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 72(4):519\u2013533","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02191.x","volume":"35","author":"ST Holgate","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holgate ST, Djukanovi\u0107 R, Casale T, Bousquet J (2005) Anti-immunoglobulin E treatment with omalizumab in allergic diseases: an update on anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy. Clin Exp Allergy 35(4):408\u2013416","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.033","volume":"138","author":"M Akdis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akdis M, Aab A, Altunbulakli C, Azkur K, Costa RA, Crameri R et al (2016) Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor \u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 138(4):984\u20131010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2021.13.4.545","volume":"13","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Asero R, Daschner A, Ferrer M, Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau A et al (2021) Autoimmune diseases are linked to type IIb autoimmune chronic spontaneous Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 13(4):545\u2013559","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13345","volume":"73","author":"R Ertas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ertas R, Ozyurt K, Atasoy M, Hawro T, Maurer M (2018) The clinical response to omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients is linked to and predicted by IgE levels and their change. Allergy 73(3):705\u2013712","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"16","key":"2966_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01387-9","volume":"80","author":"AM Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Arnau AM, Salman A (2020) Targeted therapy for Chron\u0131c spontaneous Urt\u0131car\u0131a: Rat\u0131onale and recent progress. Drugs 80(16):1617\u20131634","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14541","volume":"32","author":"Q Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Q, Zhong H, Chen WC, Zhai Z, Zhou Z, Song Z et al (2018) Different expression patterns of plasma Th1-, Th2-, Th17- and Th22-related cytokines correlate with serum autoreactivity and allergen sensitivity in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32(3):441\u2013448","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2966_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18187-z","volume":"7","author":"W Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin W, Zhou Q, Liu C, Ying M, Xu S (2017) Increased plasma IL-17, IL-31, and IL-33 levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Sci Rep 7(1):17797","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2966_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000070434","volume":"131","author":"O Noga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noga O, Hanf G, Kunkel G (2003) Immunological and clinical changes in allergic asthmatics following treatment with omalizumab. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 131(1):46\u201352","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2966_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13621","volume":"172","author":"AB Kay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kay AB, Clark P, Maurer M, Ying S (2015) Elevations in T-helper-2-initiating cytokines (interleukin-33, interleukin-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) in lesional skin from chronic spontaneous (\u2018idiopathic\u2019) urticaria. Br J Dermatol 172(5):1294\u20131302","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2966_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.11.018","volume":"7","author":"JK Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee JK, Simpson RS (2019) Dupilumab as a novel therapy for difficult to treat chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 7(5):1659\u201361e1","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13481","volume":"16","author":"M Magerl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magerl M, Terhorst D, Metz M, Altrichter S, Zuberbier T, Maurer M et al (2018) Benefit of mepolizumab treatment in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 16(4):477\u2013478","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"3","key":"2966_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14594","volume":"32","author":"M Maurer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maurer M, Altrichter S, Metz M, Zuberbier T, Church MK, Bergmann KC (2018) Benefit from reslizumab treatment in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria and cold urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32(3):e112\u2013e3","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2966_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2016395","volume":"383","author":"JA Bernstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernstein JA, Singh U, Rao MB, Berendts K, Zhang X, Mutasim D (2020) Benralizumab for Chronic spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med 383(14):1389\u20131391","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12124","volume":"28","author":"MA Atwa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atwa MA, Emara AS, Youssef N, Bayoumy NM (2014) Serum concentration of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-\u03b1 among patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: association with disease activity and autologous serum skin test. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 28(4):469\u2013474","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_396_19","volume":"11","author":"P Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma P, Sharma PK, Chitkara A, Rani S (2020) To evaluate the role and relevance of cytokines IL-17, IL-18, IL-23 and TNF-\u03b1 and their correlation with Disease Severity in Chronic Urticaria. Indian Dermatol Online J 11(4):594\u2013597","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2966_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13352","volume":"73","author":"P Kolkhir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Hawro T, Maurer M (2018) C-reactive protein is linked to disease activity, impact, and response to treatment in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 73(4):940\u2013948","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2966_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13616","volume":"50","author":"DA Sabag","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabag DA, Matanes L, Bejar J, Sheffer H, Barzilai A, Church MK et al (2020) Interleukin-17 is a potential player and treatment target in severe chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 50(7):799\u2013804","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T11:34:45Z","timestamp":1719401685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-024-02966-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Marmara University School of Medicine\u2019s ethics committee (Approval number: 09.2021.10).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"SHT, IE, MA declare no conflict of interest. AS reports personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi and \u0130brahim Etem-Menarini, outside the submitted work. AGA recently was a speaker and\/or advisor for and\/or has received research funding from Almirall, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Avene, Celldex, Escient Pharmaceutials, Genentech, GSK, Instituto Carlos III- FEDER, Leo Pharma, Menarini, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, Sanofi\u2013Regeneron, Servier, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uriach Pharma \/ Neucor.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"261"}}