{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:34:55Z","timestamp":1789655695073,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T16:01:47Z","timestamp":1728144107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in the treatment of vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bitterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Kabakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paras","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Jagdeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3405_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","volume":"236","author":"C Bergqvist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K (2020) Vitiligo: a review. Dermatology 236(6):571\u2013592","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"3405_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","volume":"38","author":"ML Frisoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frisoli ML, Essien K, Harris JE (2020) Vitiligo: mechanisms of Pathogenesis and treatment. Annu Rev Immunol 38:621\u2013648","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3405_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2787","volume":"159","author":"K Bibeau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bibeau K et al (2023) Mental Health and Psychosocial Quality-of-life Burden among patients with Vitiligo: findings from the global VALIANT study. JAMA Dermatol 159(10):1124\u20131128","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"3405_CR4","unstructured":"Seneschal J (2023) Clinical features of Vitiligo and Social Impact on Quality of Life. Dermatol Pract Concept, 13(4s2)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061","volume":"65","author":"A Alikhan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alikhan A et al (2011) Vitiligo: a comprehensive overview part I. introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up. J Am Acad Dermatol 65(3):473\u2013491","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3405_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.4724","volume":"158","author":"K Gandhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gandhi K et al (2022) Prevalence of Vitiligo among adults in the United States. JAMA Dermatol 158(1):43\u201350","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21754","volume":"41","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Li S, Li C (2021) Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo. Med Res Rev 41(2):1138\u20131166","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"3405_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-023-00672-z","volume":"27","author":"A Bia\u0142czyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bia\u0142czyk A et al (2023) Oxidative stress and potential antioxidant therapies in Vitiligo: a narrative review. Mol Diagn Ther 27(6):723\u2013739","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"3405_CR9","unstructured":"Opzelura (ruxolitinib) cream, for topical use. US FDA approved product information. (2022) [cited August 28, 2024; https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/215309s001lbl.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10229","volume":"22","author":"DE Kubelis-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubelis-L\u00f3pez DE et al (2021) Updates and new medical treatments for vitiligo (review). Exp Ther Med 22(2):797","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3405_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seneschal J, Boniface K (2023) Vitiligo: current therapies and future treatments. Dermatol Pract Concept, 13(4s2)","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S2a313S"},{"issue":"4","key":"3405_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.142483","volume":"5","author":"A Coondoo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coondoo A et al (2014) Side-effects of topical steroids: a long overdue revisit. Indian Dermatol Online J 5(4):416\u2013425","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12740","volume":"38","author":"R Bouceiro Mendes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouceiro Mendes R, Alpalh\u00e3o M, Filipe P (2022) UVB phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo: state of the art and clinical perspectives. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 38(3):215\u2013223","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"3405_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18005","volume":"36","author":"NF Post","year":"2022","unstructured":"Post NF et al (2022) The use of lasers in vitiligo, an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 36(6):779\u2013789","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3405_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00983-3","volume":"13","author":"D Rosmarin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosmarin D, Soliman AM, Li C (2023) Real-world treatment patterns in patients with Vitiligo in the United States. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 13(9):2079\u20132091","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9589","volume":"21","author":"B Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu B et al (2021) Reciprocal regulation of interleukin-17A and interleukin-22 secretion through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in CD4(+) T cells of patients with vitiligo. Exp Ther Med 21(2):158","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3405_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.05.001","volume":"116","author":"M Napolitano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Napolitano M, Patruno C (2018) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) a possible target for the treatment of skin disease. Med Hypotheses 116:96\u2013100","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"12","key":"3405_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13761","volume":"56","author":"R Rekik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rekik R et al (2017) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription is decreased in skin of vitiligo patients. Int J Dermatol 56(12):1509\u20131512","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"3405_CR19","unstructured":"Elder AJ, Patel P, Daveluy S (2024) Tapinarof, in StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2024, StatPearls Publishing LLC.: Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2023.04.001","volume":"110","author":"Z Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Z et al (2023) Roflumilast enhances the melanogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress-triggered damage in melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 110(2):44\u201352","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"3405_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p8838656","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8838656","volume":"2020","author":"B Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu B, Xie Y, Wu Z (2020) Astragaloside IV enhances Melanogenesis via the AhR-Dependent AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-Catenin pathway in normal human epidermal melanocytes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020:p8838656","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3405_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12923","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12923","volume":"32","author":"I Majid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majid I, Imran S, Batool S (2019) Apremilast is effective in controlling the progression of adult vitiligo: a case series. Dermatol Ther 32(4):e12923","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3405_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2023.2296607","volume":"20","author":"K Prieto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prieto K, Duong JQ, Feldman SR (2024) Tapinarof cream for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 20(4):327\u2013337","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3405_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13868","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13868","volume":"30","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J et al (2024) The relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo: from a comprehensive study. Skin Res Technol 30(7):e13868","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"3405_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.06.051","volume":"39","author":"L Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu L et al (2023) Vitiligo responds to topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist tapinarof (WBI-1001). JAAD case Rep 39:150\u2013151","journal-title":"JAAD case Rep"},{"key":"3405_CR26","first-page":"p2386234","volume":"2017","author":"Huff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huff S.B., Gottwald L.D. (2017) Repigmentation of tenacious vitiligo on Apremilast. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2017:p2386234","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med"},{"key":"3405_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-21","volume":"11","author":"O Szczurko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szczurko O et al (2011) Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of vitilgo vulgaris: an open label pilot clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 11:21","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01207.x","volume":"28","author":"D Parsad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parsad D, Pandhi R, Juneja A (2003) Effectiveness of oral Ginkgo biloba in treating limited, slowly spreading vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(3):285\u2013287","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"3405_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101530","volume":"34","author":"CFA Vogel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vogel CFA et al (2020) The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a target of environmental stressors - implications for pollution mediated stress and inflammatory responses. Redox Biol 34:101530","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12726","volume":"32","author":"NT Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen NT, Fisher DE (2019) MITF and UV responses in skin: from pigmentation to addiction. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 32(2):224\u2013236","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"3405_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S180960","volume":"13","author":"D Zang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zang D, Niu C, Aisa HA (2019) Amine derivatives of furocoumarin induce melanogenesis by activating Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signal pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 13:623\u2013632","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"3405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12170","volume":"22","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakamura M et al (2013) Tobacco smoke-induced skin pigmentation is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Exp Dermatol 22(8):556\u2013558","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3405_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00364","volume":"30","author":"S Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas S et al (2017) Aryl Hydrocarbon receptor activation contributes to Benzanthrone-Induced Hyperpigmentation via Modulation of Melanogenic Signaling Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 30(2):625\u2013634","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"3405_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.04.051","volume":"152","author":"S Fiorito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fiorito S et al (2018) Natural oxyprenylated coumarins are modulators of melanogenesis. Eur J Med Chem 152:274\u2013282","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"3405_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00762.x","volume":"23","author":"S Luecke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luecke S et al (2010) The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a novel regulator of human melanogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 23(6):828\u2013833","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3405_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200400247","volume":"6","author":"HJ Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer HJ et al (2005) Malassezin, a novel agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor from the yeast Malassezia Furfur, induces apoptosis in primary human melanocytes. ChemBioChem 6(5):860\u2013865","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"5","key":"3405_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.065","volume":"90","author":"A Blauvelt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blauvelt A et al (2024) Roflumilast foam 0.3% for adolescent and adult patients with seborrheic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 90(5):986\u2013993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3405_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.09.001","volume":"96","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X et al (2019) Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis against oxidative damage in human melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 96(1):33\u201341","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3405_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.06.1171","volume":"87","author":"B Strober","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strober B et al (2022) One-year safety and efficacy of tapinarof cream for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: results from the PSOARING 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 87(4):800\u2013806","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"24","key":"3405_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103629","volume":"385","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG et al (2021) Phase 3 trials of tapinarof cream for Plaque Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 385(24):2219\u20132229","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.023","volume":"91","author":"JI Silverberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silverberg JI et al (2024) Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: significant efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children down to 2 years of age in the pivotal phase 3 ADORING trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 91(3):457\u2013465","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2000073","volume":"383","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG et al (2020) Trial of Roflumilast Cream for Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 383(3):229\u2013239","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3405_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.10.027","volume":"86","author":"H Saeki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saeki H et al (2022) Difamilast ointment in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 86(3):607\u2013614","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3405_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2022.100679","volume":"96","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Santiago","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Santiago A et al (2022) Safety Profile and Tolerability of Topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 96:100679","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T17:06:19Z","timestamp":1729875979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03405-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No funding has been received for this article. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"659"}}