{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:53:14Z","timestamp":1786963994312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T15:14:11Z","timestamp":1728486851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A review of therapies for hyperpigmentation modulating the synthesis of eumelanin to pheomelanin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Imaan K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry W.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasneem F.","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0262833","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262833","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Zeng X, Ying J, Cai Y, Qiu Y, Xiang W (2022) Evaluating the quality of life among melasma patients using the MELASQoL scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(1):e0262833","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00384.x","volume":"7","author":"A Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor A, Pawaskar M, Taylor SL, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR (2008) Prevalence of pigmentary disorders and their impact on quality of life: a prospective cohort study. J Cosmet Dermatol 7(3):164\u2013168","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3411_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad026","volume":"188","author":"B Schuster","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schuster B, Gallinger J, Philipp-Dormston WG, Vasel M, Layton AM (2023) Less confident, successful and happy: patients with post-acne hyperpigmentation are stigmatized. Br J Dermatol 188(5):682\u2013684","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3411_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12986","volume":"34","author":"A Nautiyal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nautiyal A, Wairkar S (2021) Management of hyperpigmentation: current treatments and emerging therapies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 34(6):1000\u20131014","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3411_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14746","volume":"21","author":"NA Charoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charoo NA (2022) Hyperpigmentation: looking beyond hydroquinone. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(10):4133\u20134145","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3411_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12338","volume":"16","author":"YS Jung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jung YS, Lee JH, Bae JM, Lee DW, Kim GM (2017) Assessment of the efficacy and safety of a new complex skin cream in Asian women: a controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 16(2):253\u2013257","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"3411_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115574","volume":"212","author":"S Zolghadri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zolghadri S, Beygi M, Mohammad TF, Alijanianzadeh M, Pillaiyar T, Garcia-Molina P et al (2023) Targeting tyrosinase in hyperpigmentation: current status, limitations and future promises. Biochem Pharmacol 212:115574","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3411_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12335","volume":"91","author":"TH Nasti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nasti TH, Timares L (2015) MC1R, eumelanin and pheomelanin: their role in determining the susceptibility to skin cancer. Photochem Photobiol 91(1):188\u2013200","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3411_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071537","volume":"25","author":"F Solano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solano F (2020) Photoprotection and skin pigmentation: melanin-related molecules and some other New agents obtained from natural sources. Molecules 25(7):1537","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12837","volume":"94","author":"S Ito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Sarna T (2018) Photodegradation of Eumelanin and Pheomelanin and its pathophysiological implications. Photochem Photobiol 94(3):409\u2013420","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3411_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050746","volume":"17","author":"R Micillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Micillo R, Panzella L, Koike K, Monfrecola G, Napolitano A, d\u2019Ischia M (2016) Fifty Shades of Black and Red or how Carboxyl Groups Fine Tune Eumelanin and Pheomelanin Properties. Int J Mol Sci 17(5):746","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3411_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2001.140505.x","volume":"14","author":"S Alaluf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alaluf S, Heath A, Carter N, Atkins D, Mahalingam H, Barrett K et al (2001) Variation in melanin content and composition in type V and VI photoexposed and photoprotected human skin: the dominant role of DHI. Pigment Cell Res 14(5):337\u2013347","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3411_CR13","first-page":"4183","volume":"17","author":"MA Maranduca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maranduca MA, Branisteanu D, Serban DN, Branisteanu DC, Stoleriu G, Manolache N et al (2019) Synthesis and physiological implications of melanic pigments. Oncol Lett 17(5):4183\u20134187","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12754","volume":"32","author":"S Ito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ito S, Kolbe L, Weets G, Wakamatsu K (2019) Visible light accelerates the ultraviolet A-induced degradation of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 32(3):441\u2013447","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3411_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.03.002","volume":"16","author":"S Brien","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brien S, Prescott P, Bashir N, Lewith H, Lewith G (2008) Systematic review of the nutritional supplements dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(11):1277\u20131288","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"3411_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13007","volume":"36","author":"SG Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu SG, Chang YJ, Ryu JY, Lee JS, Choi KY, Chung HY et al (2022) Effects of methylsulfonylmethane on UVB-induced skin damage: an experimental study in a mouse model. Vivo 36(6):2714\u20132721","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"issue":"1","key":"3411_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13755","volume":"20","author":"N Mathe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathe N, Balogun M, Yoo J (2021) A case report on the use of topical cysteamine 5% cream in the management of refractory postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) resistant to triple combination cream (hydroquinone, topical corticosteroids, and retinoids). J Cosmet Dermatol 20(1):204\u2013206","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3411_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15260","volume":"47","author":"C Miyabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyabe C, Dong Y, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Kawakami T (2020) Kojic acid alters pheomelanin content in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived melanocytes. J Dermatol 47(4):435\u2013436","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3411_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2021-11-2","volume":"11","author":"S Moolla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moolla S, Miller-Monthrope Y (2022) Dermatology: how to manage facial hyperpigmentation in skin of colour. Drugs Context 11:1\u201314","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"issue":"9","key":"3411_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15180","volume":"21","author":"S Niazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niazi S, Gheisari M, Moravvej H, Doroodgar F, Niazi F (2022) Efficacy of cysteamine and methimazole in treating melasma: a comparative narrative review. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(9):3867\u20133875","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3411_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2011.05.010","volume":"19","author":"AM Rossi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rossi AM, Perez MI (2011) Treatment of hyperpigmentation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 19(2):313\u2013324","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"3411_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754211045391","volume":"26","author":"SJE Shimshak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimshak SJE, Tolaymat LM, Haga CB, Dawson NL, Gillis MS, Yin M et al (2022) A review of oral therapies for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. J Cutan Med Surg 26(2):169\u2013175","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.179088","volume":"82","author":"S Sonthalia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R (2016) Glutathione as a skin whitening agent: facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 82(3):262\u2013272","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3411_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051094","volume":"12","author":"D Giustarini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giustarini D, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R (2023) How to increase Cellular glutathione. Antioxid (Basel) 12(5):1094","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3411_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.21157\/j.ked.hewan.v15i4.17688","volume":"15","author":"DA Nurkarimah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nurkarimah DA, Kaiin EM, Karja NWK, Setiadi MA (2021) The effectivity of cysteamine supplementation on improving the in vitro fertilization rate of sheep oocytes. J Kedokt Hewan (Banda Aceh) 15(4):118\u2013122","journal-title":"J Kedokt Hewan (Banda Aceh)"},{"key":"3411_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.006","volume":"110","author":"M Saeedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeedi M, Eslamifar M, Khezri K (2019) Kojic acid applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. Biomed Pharmacother 110:582\u2013593","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030290","volume":"9","author":"M Butawan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Butawan M, Benjamin R, Bloomer R, Methylsulfonylmethane (2017) Applications and safety of a Novel Dietary supplement. Nutrients 9(3):290","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3411_CR28","unstructured":"Ho T, inventor;, Thienna Inc., assignee. Skin lightening composition. US patent 2005\/0226827 A1. 2005 9 April 2004"},{"issue":"17","key":"3411_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176080","volume":"21","author":"S Ito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ito S, Sugumaran M, Wakamatsu K (2020) Chemical reactivities of Ortho-Quinones Produced in living organisms: fate of Quinonoid products formed by tyrosinase and phenoloxidase action on Phenols and Catechols. Int J Mol Sci 21(17):6080","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3411_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.12.065","volume":"88","author":"D Ko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ko D, Wang RF, Ozog D, Lim HW, Mohammad TF (2023) Disorders of hyperpigmentation. Part II. Review of management and treatment options for hyperpigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 88(2):291\u2013320","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3411_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11080290","volume":"11","author":"Y-F Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan Y-F, Zhu S-X, Hou F-B, Zhao D-F, Pan Q-S, Xiang Y-W et al (2021) Spectrophotometric assays for sensing tyrosinase activity and their applications. Biosensors 11(8):290","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"3411_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3390\/ma5091661","volume":"5","author":"T-S Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang T-S (2012) Natural melanogenesis inhibitors acting through the down-regulation of tyrosinase activity. Materials 5(9):1661\u20131685","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"4","key":"3411_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12970","volume":"34","author":"K Wakamatsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wakamatsu K, Zippin JH, Ito S (2021) Chemical and biochemical control of skin pigmentation with special emphasis on mixed melanogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 34(4):730\u2013747","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"3411_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381387-9.00005-1","volume":"39","author":"M Sugumaran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sugumaran M (2010) Chemistry of cuticular sclerotization. Adv Insect Physiol 39:151\u2013209","journal-title":"Adv Insect Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3411_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00238.x","volume":"84","author":"S Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito S, Wakamatsu K (2008) Chemistry of mixed melanogenesis\u2014pivotal roles of Dopaquinone\u2009<\u2009sup>\u2020. Photochem Photobiol 84(3):582\u2013592","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T17:06:38Z","timestamp":1729875998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03411-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"668"}}