{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T05:27:21Z","timestamp":1734067641775,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic several vaccines were produced, including novel mRNA and viral vector-based vaccines. Though COVID-19 had its own associated dermatological sequelae, the vaccines were associated with a new set of cutaneous side effects, including hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis, and autoimmune-mediated reactions. Notably, alopecia areata (AA) was reported in several patients closely following a COVID-19 vaccine, especially in those with a personal or family history of AA. A PubMed and Google Scholar search was conducted in July 2024 which resulted in 26 case reports\/case series, 1 prospective study, and 3 cross-sectional retrospective chart reviews. Based on our holistic literature review, there is no evidence to support an increased association between COVID-19 vaccination and AA. Despite recent literature highlighting the incidence of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> and recurrent AA after COVID-19 vaccines, several large retrospective analyses have shown that the overall incidence of AA in vaccinated individuals does not differ from that of historical controls. The potential for <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> AA after COVID-19 vaccine is low and the benefit of being vaccinated far outweighed the risks, especially within the first few years of COVID-19 vaccine rollout. While the decision to get vaccinated is a personal choice, the threat of developing AA secondary to vaccination should not be a deterrent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T15:03:20Z","timestamp":1734015800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A scoping review of alopecia areata and its relationship to COVID-19 vaccinations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Hailey","family":"Konisky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solbie","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Valada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Andriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kseniya","family":"Kobets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27953","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27953","volume":"14","author":"H Abdalla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdalla H, Ebrahim E (2022) Alopecia areata universalis precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and narrative review. Cureus 14(8):e27953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27953","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"3583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X2311520","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X231152065","volume":"11","author":"F AlZahrani","year":"2023","unstructured":"AlZahrani F, Perlau MJ, Fiorillo L (2023) Alopecia areata and subsequent Marie Antoinette syndrome following COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 11:2050313X231152065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050313X231152065","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273697","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2273697","volume":"19","author":"S Anticoli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anticoli S, Dorrucci M, Iessi E et al (2023) Association between sex hormones and anti-S\/RBD antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines in healthcare workers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 19(3):2273697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2023.2273697","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"9","key":"3583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15184","volume":"21","author":"M Aristizabal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aristizabal M, Hsu JTS, Gold MH (2022) Alopecia areata after coronavac vaccination. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(9):3675\u20133678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15184","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"3583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.08.016","volume":"29","author":"A Babadjouni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Babadjouni A, Phong CH, Nguyen C, Mesinkovska NA (2022) COVID-19 vaccination related exacerbations of hair loss in patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata on systemic therapy. JAAD Case Rep 29:181\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.08.016","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14864","volume":"21","author":"F Bardazzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bardazzi F, Guglielmo A, Abbenante D, Sacchelli L, Sechi A, Starace MVR (2022) New insights into alopecia areata during COVID-19 pandemic: when infection or vaccination could play a role. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(5):1796\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.14864","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15689","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15689","volume":"35","author":"CH Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen CH, Chen YY, Lan CE (2022) Intractable alopecia areata following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination: report of two cases. Dermatol Ther 35(9):e15689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15689","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"3583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50133","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.50133","volume":"15","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Cano-Besquet S, Ghantarchyan H, Neeki MM (2023) The incidence of alopecia areata in a COVID-19-vaccinated population: a single-center review. Cureus 15(12):e50133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.50133","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"3583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14459","volume":"20","author":"R Essam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Essam R, Ehab R, Al-Razzaz R, Khater MW, Moustafa EA (2021) Alopecia areata after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford\/AstraZeneca): a potential triggering factor? J Cosmet Dermatol 20(12):3727\u20133729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.14459","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2024.2344696","volume":"28","author":"S Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu S, Song X (2024) The clinical and immunological features of alopecia areata following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccines. Expert Opin Ther Targets 28(4):273\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14728222.2024.2344696","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"4","key":"3583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9495","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2022.9495","volume":"14","author":"M Fusano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fusano M, Zerbinati N, Bencini PL (2022) Alopecia areata after COVID- 19 vaccination: two cases and review of the literature. Dermatol Rep 14(4):9495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/dr.2022.9495","journal-title":"Dermatol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2022.11.1.129","volume":"11","author":"G Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo G, Mastorino L, Tonella L, Ribero S, Quaglino P (2022) Alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 11(1):129\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7774\/cevr.2022.11.1.129","journal-title":"Clin Exp Vaccine Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3583_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15677","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15677","volume":"35","author":"SBL Gamonal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gamonal SBL, Marques NCV, Pereira HMB, Gamonal ACC (2022) New-onset systemic lupus erythematosus after ChAdOX1 nCoV-19 and Alopecia Areata after BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Dermatol Ther 35(9):e15677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15677","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"3583_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6039","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6039","volume":"10","author":"Z Ganjei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganjei Z, Yazdan Panah M, Rahmati R, Zari Meidani F, Mosavi A (2022) COVID-19 vaccination and alopecia areata: a case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 10(9):e6039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.6039","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3583_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000528719","volume":"9","author":"L Genco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Genco L, Cantelli M, Noto M et al (2023) Alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccines. Skin Appendage Disord 9(2):141\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000528719","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3583_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020444","volume":"11","author":"J Hernandez Arroyo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hernandez Arroyo J, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Ortiz-Prado E (2023) A case series and literature review of telogen effluvium and alopecia universalis after the administration of a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine scheme. Vaccines (Basel) 11(2):444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11020444","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"3583_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.05.002","volume":"25","author":"JD Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho JD, McNish A, McDonald L, Burrell C, Smith-Matthews S (2022) Alopecia universalis with unusual histopathologic features after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). JAAD Case Rep 25:4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.05.002","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"3583_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2023.e01830","volume":"33","author":"K Iwata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iwata K, Kunisada M (2023) Alopecia universalis after injection of messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. a case report. IDCases 33:e01830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idcr.2023.e01830","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"4","key":"3583_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.017","volume":"89","author":"HJ Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju HJ, Lee JY, Han JH, Lee JH, Bae JM, Lee S (2023) Risk of autoimmune skin and connective tissue disorders after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol 89(4):685\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3583_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.04.022","volume":"25","author":"A Lo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lo A, Mir A, Sami N (2022) Letter in reply: alopecia areata after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JAAD Case Rep 25:25\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.04.022","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3583_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15465","volume":"22","author":"F Martora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martora F, Fornaro L, Picone V et al (2023) Herpes zoster and alopecia areata following mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine: controversial immune effects. J Cosmet Dermatol 22(1):36\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15465","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3583_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12292","volume":"6","author":"Y Matsuda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsuda Y, Kawakami Y, Kawamoto M, Hirai Y, Morizane S (2023) A case of extensive alopecia areata following Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID\u201019 vaccine with favorable outcome. J Cutan Immunol Allergy 6(3):115\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cia2.12292","journal-title":"J Cutan Immunol Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3583_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16113","volume":"61","author":"M May Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"May Lee M, Bertolani MAM, Pierobon E, Lotti T, Feliciani C, Satolli F (2022) Alopecia areata following COVID-19 vaccination: vaccine-induced autoimmunity? Int J Dermatol 61(5):634\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.16113","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3583_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16651","volume":"50","author":"C Nakashima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakashima C, Kato M, Otsuka A (2023) Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. J Dermatol 50(3):280\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16651","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3583_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14581","volume":"20","author":"A Rossi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossi A, Magri F, Michelini S et al (2021) Recurrence of alopecia areata after covid-19 vaccination: a report of three cases in Italy. J Cosmet Dermatol 20(12):3753\u20133757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.14581","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"3583_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.11.023","volume":"20","author":"ME Scollan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scollan ME, Breneman A, Kinariwalla N et al (2022) Alopecia areata after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JAAD Case Rep 20:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.11.023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"3583_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15651","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15651","volume":"35","author":"S Shakoei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shakoei S, Kalantari Y, Nasimi M et al (2022) Cutaneous manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination: a report of 25 cases. Dermatol Ther 35(8):e15651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.15651","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"3583_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.03.006","volume":"121","author":"HA Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su HA, Juan CK, Chen YC (2022) Alopecia areata following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (Oxford\/AstraZeneca). J Formos Med Assoc 121(10):2138\u20132140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.03.006","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"3583_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091467","volume":"10","author":"F Tassone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tassone F, Cappilli S, Antonelli F, Zingarelli R, Chiricozzi A, Peris K (2022) Alopecia areata occurring after COVID-19 vaccination: a single-center, cross-sectional study. Vaccines (Basel) 10(9):1467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091467","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3583_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7342","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.7342","volume":"11","author":"HC Teng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teng HC, Chen HH (2023) Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Case Rep 11(5):e7342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.7342","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"3583_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109737","volume":"255","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Wu M, Chen C et al (2023) Clinical characteristics and immune profiles of patients with immune-mediated alopecia associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. Clin Immunol 255:109737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109737","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3583_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2022.4363","volume":"32","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Dai Y, Peng J, Song X (2022) Alopecia areata induced by the booster shot of sinovac COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. alopecia areata induced by the booster shot of sinovac COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Eur J Dermatol 32(6):804\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1684\/ejd.2022.4363","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3583_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01956-8","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Ouyang X, Zhang D et al (2024) Alopecia Areata following COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review. Eur J Med Res 29(1):356\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01956-8","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T16:03:07Z","timestamp":1734019387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-024-03583-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"111"}}