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The melanoma tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is made up of a heterogenous mix of both immune and non-immune cells as well as a multitude of signaling molecules. The interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and signaling molecules affect tumor progression and therapeutic responses. Understanding the composition and function of the TIME in primary cutaneous melanoma is useful for prognostication and therapeutic decisions. This review provides an overview of the components of the TIME in primary cutaneous melanoma, and their influence on clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03758-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T06:16:20Z","timestamp":1737180980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The tumor immune microenvironment in primary cutaneous melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"317","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Zilberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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