{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:45:12Z","timestamp":1793231112293,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005747","name":"A.P. M\u00f8ller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney M\u00f8llers Fond til almene Formaal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Odense University hospitals research foundation"},{"name":"The Region of Southern Denmark\u2019s research foundation"},{"name":"The Danish Association of Midwives"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Syddansk Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004196","name":"Odense Universitetshospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T10:02:23Z","timestamp":1555668143000},"page":"67-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Obstetric perineal tears: risk factors, wound infection and dehiscence: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"300","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ditte","family":"Gommesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen Aagaard","family":"Nohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Christian","family":"Drue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Qvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59","volume":"13","author":"LA Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith LA, Price N, Simonite V, Burns EE (2013) Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 13:59","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"},{"key":"5165_CR2","unstructured":"Fernando RJSAH, Freeman RM, Williams AA, Adams EJ (2015) The management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. In: RCOG Green-top Guideline No 29. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London"},{"issue":"4","key":"5165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01637.x","volume":"115","author":"S Kindberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kindberg S, Stehouwer M, Hvidman L, Henriksen TB (2008) Postpartum perineal repair performed by midwives: a randomised trial comparing two suture techniques leaving the skin unsutured. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 115(4):472\u2013479","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.04.008","volume":"124","author":"KJ Buhling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buhling KJ, Schmidt S, Robinson JN, Klapp C, Siebert G, Dudenhausen JW (2006) Rate of dyspareunia after delivery in primiparae according to mode of delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 124(1):42\u201346","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13263","volume":"122","author":"EA McDonald","year":"2015","unstructured":"McDonald EA, Gartland D, Small R, Brown SJ (2015) Dyspareunia and childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 122(5):672\u2013679","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"5165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baydock SA, Flood C, Schulz JA, MacDonald D, Esau D, Jones S, Hiltz CB (2009) Prevalence and risk factors for urinary and fecal incontinence four months after vaginal delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Canada, JOGC\u2009=\u2009Journal d\u2019obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada: JOGC 31(1):36\u201341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34051-8"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"5165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318242b1f7","volume":"119","author":"SJ Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown SJ, Gartland D, Donath S, MacArthur C (2012) Fecal incontinence during the first 12\u00a0months postpartum: complex causal pathways and implications for clinical practice. Obstet Gynecol 119(2 Pt 1):240\u2013249","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03301.x","volume":"120","author":"M Gyhagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gyhagen M, Bullarbo M, Nielsen TF, Milsom I (2013) The prevalence of urinary incontinence 20\u00a0years after childbirth: a national cohort study in singleton primiparae after vaginal or caesarean delivery. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 120(2):144\u2013151","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"5165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B (2014) Antibiotic prophylaxis for third- and fourth-degree perineal tear during vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:Cd005125","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005125.pub4"},{"issue":"6","key":"5165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816de8ad","volume":"111","author":"N Duggal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duggal N, Mercado C, Daniels K, Bujor A, Caughey AB, El-Sayed YY (2008) Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postpartum perineal wound complications: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 111(6):1268\u20131273","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5165_CR11","unstructured":"Bek KMSB, Cvetanovska E, Due U, Gimbel H, Glavind-Kristensen M, Kindberg S, Kolster D, Ring C, R\u00f8rby C, Raaberg L, Sakse A, Storgaard L, S\u00f8rensen R, Westergaard HB (2011) Sphincterruptur ved vaginal f\u00f8dsel: behandling og opf\u00f8lgning. In: Denmark: Dansk Selskab for obstetrik og Gyn\u00e6kologi"},{"issue":"5","key":"5165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.010511","volume":"7","author":"DS Yokoe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yokoe DS, Christiansen CL, Johnson R, Sands KE, Livingston J, Shtatland ES, Platt R (2001) Epidemiology of and surveillance for postpartum infections. Emerg Infect Dis 7(5):837\u2013841","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"5165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01961.x","volume":"115","author":"M Macleod","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macleod M, Strachan B, Bahl R, Howarth L, Goyder K, Van de Venne M, Murphy DJ (2008) A prospective cohort study of maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 115(13):1688\u20131694","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000833","volume":"125","author":"C Lewicky-Gaupp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewicky-Gaupp C, Leader-Cramer A, Johnson LL, Kenton K, Gossett DR (2015) Wound complications after obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Obstet Gynecol 125(5):1088\u20131093","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327.e321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.12.025","volume":"208","author":"L Stock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stock L, Basham E, Gossett DR, Lewicky-Gaupp C (2013) Factors associated with wound complications in women with obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Am J Obstet Gynecol 208(4):327.e321\u2013327.e326","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2013.21.3.160","volume":"21","author":"L Dudley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dudley L, Kettle C, Ismail K (2013) Prevalence, pathophysiology and current management of dehisced perineal wounds following childbirth. Br J Midwifery 21(3):160\u2013171","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"key":"5165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson A, Thakar R, Sultan AH (2012) Obstetric perineal wound infection: is there underreporting? Br J Nurs (Mark Allen Publishing) 21(5):S28, s30, s32\u201325","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2012.21.Sup5.S28"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.085","volume":"195","author":"MK Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams MK, Chames MC (2006) Risk factors for the breakdown of perineal laceration repair after vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195(3):755\u2013759","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5165_CR19","unstructured":"Dansk K (2016) valitetsdatabase for F\u00f8dsler, Kommenteret \u00e5rsrapport"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG (2009) Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42(2):377\u2013381","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3","volume":"16","author":"JS Garner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM (1988) CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 16(3):128\u2013140","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"5165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318225c2be","volume":"22","author":"J Textor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Textor J, Hardt J, Knuppel S (2011) DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass) 22(5):745","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass)"},{"key":"5165_CR23","unstructured":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 15"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2014.10.007","volume":"28","author":"YL Hauck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hauck YL, Lewis L, Nathan EA, White C, Doherty DA (2015) Risk factors for severe perineal trauma during vaginal childbirth: a Western Australian retrospective cohort study. Women Birth: J Aust Coll Midwives 28(1):16\u201320","journal-title":"Women Birth: J Aust Coll Midwives"},{"issue":"4","key":"5165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12258","volume":"43","author":"L Leeman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leeman L, Rogers R, Borders N, Teaf D, Qualls C (2016) The effect of perineal lacerations on pelvic floor function and anatomy at 6 months postpartum in a prospective cohort of nulliparous women. Birth (Berkeley, Calif) 43(4):293\u2013302","journal-title":"Birth (Berkeley, Calif)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1251-6","volume":"17","author":"M Simic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simic M, Cnattingius S, Petersson G, Sandstrom A, Stephansson O (2017) Duration of second stage of labor and instrumental delivery as risk factors for severe perineal lacerations: population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17(1):72","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"5165_CR27","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No 156 (2015) Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 126(6):e112\u2013126"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0183-1","volume":"11","author":"J Ye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ye J (2011) Adipose tissue vascularization: its role in chronic inflammation. Curr DiabRep 11(3):203\u2013210","journal-title":"Curr DiabRep"},{"key":"5165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen DB, Maguire JJ, Mahdavian M, Wicke C, Marcocci L, Scheuenstuhl H, Chang M, Le AX, Hopf HW, Hunt TK (1997) Wound hypoxia and acidosis limit neutrophil bacterial killing mechanisms. Arch Surg (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 132(9):991\u2013996","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1997.01430330057009"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420303","volume":"342","author":"R Greif","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greif R, Akca O, Horn EP, Kurz A, Sessler DI (2000) Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med 342(3):161\u2013167","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopf HW, Hunt TK, West JM, Blomquist P, Goodson WH, 3rd, Jensen JA, Jonsson K, Paty PB, Rabkin JM, Upton RA et al (1997) Wound tissue oxygen tension predicts the risk of wound infection in surgical patients. Arch Surg (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 132(9):997\u20131004 (discussion 1005)","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1997.01430330063010"},{"issue":"6","key":"5165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000271848.07721.24","volume":"107","author":"N Baugh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baugh N, Zuelzer H, Meador J, Blankenship J (2007) Wounds in surgical patients who are obese. AJN Am J Nurs 107(6):40\u201350","journal-title":"AJN Am J Nurs"},{"key":"5165_CR33","unstructured":"(NICE) NIfHaCE (2006) Postnatal care up to 8\u00a0weeks after birth: NICE clinical guideline no 37. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London"},{"key":"5165_CR34","unstructured":"(WHO) WHO (2013) WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. World Health Organization, Geneva"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T23:29:06Z","timestamp":1587166146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0067","1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0067","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee for the Region of Southern Denmark (S-20120213, 14.5.2013) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency (ID-2008-58-0035, 14.1.2015).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflict of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}