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We evaluated the value of PTX3 in the prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a severe complication of in vitro fertilization (IVF).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This two-year prospective follow-up study included 27 women with uncomplicated IVF-cycles (IVF group) and 31 patients diagnosed with moderate or severe early OHSS (OHSS group). PTX3 was analysed from follicular fluid (FF) and serial blood samples with enzyme-linked immunoassay and CRP with particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The value of PTX3 and CRP in detecting OHSS was examined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The circulating PTX3 level peaked at two days after oocyte pick-up (OPU2), and in the OHSS group the level was 1.9 times higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) than in the IVF group. However, in ROC curve analysis PTX3 (AUC 0.79, best cut off 1.1\u00a0\u00b5g\/L) was not superior to CRP (AUC 0.87; best cut off 9.5\u00a0mg\/L) in predicting early OHSS. In the IVF group, the FF-PTX3 concentration was 15\u201320 times higher than in the plasma. PTX3 level at OPU2 correlated with the number of punctured follicles (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). Triggering with human chorionic gonadotrophin or early pregnancy had no effect on PTX3 level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The elevated PTX3 concentration in OHSS at OPU2, when freeze-all embryos strategy is still possible to consider, indicates that PTX3 level could provide additional benefit in the risk assessment for early OHSS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05556-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T18:02:53Z","timestamp":1588701773000},"page":"1569-1578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plasma pentraxin 3 is higher in early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome than in uncomplicated in vitro fertilization cycle of high-risk women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"301","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7424-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kati","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Unkila-Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Alfthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esa","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aila","family":"Tiitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Tapanainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4139-669X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Savolainen-Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R71","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0296","volume":"149","author":"D Herr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herr D, Bekes I, Wulff C (2015) Regulation of endothelial permeability in the primate corpora lutea: implications for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. 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