{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:32:17Z","timestamp":1780731137927,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1588489336000},"page":"1423-1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of fetal head circumference in the formation of obstetric anal sphincter injuries following vacuum deliveries among primiparous women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Raanan","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amihai","family":"Rottenstreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menachem","family":"Alcalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Yinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001147","volume":"126","author":"Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics CoP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics CoP (2015) ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 154: operative vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 126:e56\u201365","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR2","first-page":"464","volume":"95","author":"E Eason","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eason E, Labrecque M, Wells G, Feldman P (2000) Preventing perineal trauma during childbirth: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 95:464\u2013471","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005455.pub2","author":"F O'Mahony","year":"2010","unstructured":"O'Mahony F, Hofmeyr GJ, Menon V (2010) Choice of instruments for assisted vaginal delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005455.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70104-3","volume":"181","author":"JN Robinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robinson JN, Norwitz ER, Cohen AP, McElrath TF, Lieberman ES (1999) Episiotomy, operative vaginal delivery, and significant perinatal trauma in nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181:1180\u20131184","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002444","volume":"131","author":"O Ramm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramm O, Woo VG, Hung YY, Chen HC, Ritterman Weintraub ML (2018) Risk factors for the development of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in modern obstetric practice. Obstet Gynecol 131:290\u2013296","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0901-2","volume":"20","author":"J Nordenstam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nordenstam J, Altman D, Brismar S, Zetterstr\u00f6m J (2009) Natural progression of anal incontinence after childbirth. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20:1029\u20131035","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"5558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903576004","volume":"89","author":"EM Bols","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bols EM, Hendriks EJ, Berghmans BC, Baeten CG, Nijhuis JG, de Bie RA (2010) A systematic review of etiological factors for postpartum fecal incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 89:302\u2013314","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"5558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c3414","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3414","volume":"341","author":"D Abbott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbott D, Atere-Roberts N, Williams A, Oteng-Ntim E, Chappell LC (2010) Obstetric anal sphincter injury. BMJ 341:c3414","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5558_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2015.02.005","volume":"6","author":"P Ryman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ryman P, Ahlberg M, Ek\u00e9us C (2015) Risk factors for anal sphincter tears in vacuum-assisted delivery. Sex Reprod Healthc 6:151\u2013156","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"issue":"59","key":"5558_CR10","first-page":"e1","volume":"210","author":"H Jang\u00f6","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jang\u00f6 H, Langhoff-Roos J, Rosth\u00f8j S, Sakse A (2014) Modifiable risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury in primiparous women: a population-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 210(59):e1\u20136","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003041","volume":"133","author":"R Waldman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waldman R (2019) ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 198: prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 133:185","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3398-0","volume":"29","author":"SR Gundabattula","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gundabattula SR, Surampudi K (2018) Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) at a tertiary centre in south India. Int Urogynecol J 29:391\u2013396","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"5558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03455.x","volume":"119","author":"S R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen S, Vehvil\u00e4inen-Julkunen K, Cartwright R, Gissler M, Heinonen S (2012) Vacuum-assisted deliveries and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries-a retrospective register-based study in Finland. BJOG 119:1370\u20131378","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"5558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.059","volume":"193","author":"JM Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu JM, Williams KS, Hundley AF, Connolly A, Visco AG (2005) Occiput posterior fetal head position increases the risk of anal sphincter injury in vacuum-assisted deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193:525\u2013528 (discussion 28\u201329)","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05444-2","volume":"301","author":"G Levin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levin G, Rottenstreich A, Cahan T et al (2020) Does birthweight have a role in the effect of episiotomy on anal sphincter injury? Arch Gynecol Obstet 301:171\u2013177","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05165-1","volume":"300","author":"D Gommesen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gommesen D, Nohr EA, Drue HC, Qvist N, Rasch V (2019) Obstetric perineal tears: risk factors, wound infection and dehiscence: a prospective cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 300:67\u201377","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1463364","volume":"32","author":"D Kabiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kabiri D, Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM et al (2019) Vacuum extraction failure is associated with a large head circumference. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 32:3325\u20133330","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"5558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.045","volume":"213","author":"M Lipschuetz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Ein-Mor E et al (2015) A large head circumference is more strongly associated with unplanned cesarean or instrumental delivery and neonatal complications than high birthweight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213:833.e1\u201333.e12","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e2f50b","volume":"116","author":"E Baghestan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baghestan E, Irgens LM, B\u00f8rdahl PE, Rasmussen S (2010) Trends in risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in Norway. Obstet Gynecol 116:25\u201334","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2019.100460","volume":"22","author":"T Selmer-Olsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Selmer-Olsen T, Nohr EA, Tappert C, Eggeb\u00f8 TM (2019) Incidence and risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter ruptures, OASIS, following the introduction of preventive interventions. A retrospective cohort study from a Norwegian hospital 2012\u20132017. Sex Reprod Healthc 22:100460","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"},{"key":"5558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90349-0","volume":"144","author":"MW Carpenter","year":"1982","unstructured":"Carpenter MW, Coustan DR (1982) Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144:768\u2013773","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20272","volume":"53","author":"LJ Salomon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Da Silva CF et al (2019) ISUOG Practice Guidelines: ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:715\u2013723","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.150.2.6691115","volume":"150","author":"FP Hadlock","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, Park SK (1984) Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements. Radiology 150:535\u2013540","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.230","volume":"218","author":"M Lipschuetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Israel A et al (2018) Sonographic large fetal head circumference and risk of cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 218:339.e1\u201339.e7","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"91","key":"5558_CR25","first-page":"e1","volume":"201","author":"DV Valsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valsky DV, Lipschuetz M, Bord A et al (2009) Fetal head circumference and length of second stage of labor are risk factors for levator ani muscle injury, diagnosed by 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201(91):e1\u20137","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.02.017","volume":"102","author":"B Kudish","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kudish B, Sokol RJ, Kruger M (2008) Trends in major modifiable risk factors for severe perineal trauma, 1996\u20132006. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 102:165\u2013170","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.12.029","volume":"210","author":"K Drusany Stari\u010d","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drusany Stari\u010d K, Bukovec P, Jakopi\u010d K, Zdravevski E, Trajkovik V, Lukanovi\u0107 A (2017) Can we predict obstetric anal sphincter injury? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 210:196\u2013200","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"5558_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001418","volume":"128","author":"Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics ACoOaGCoP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics ACoOaGCoP (2016) Practice Bulletin No. 173: Fetal Macrosomia. Obstet Gynecol 128:e195\u2013e209","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05474-w","volume":"301","author":"G Levin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levin G, Meyer R, Yagel S, David M, Yinon Y, Rottenstreich A (2020) Which way is better to deliver the very heavy baby: mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 301(4):941\u2013948","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.2.225","volume":"29","author":"N Melamed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Melamed N, Yogev Y, Meizner I, Mashiach R, Ben-Haroush A (2010) Sonographic prediction of fetal macrosomia: the consequences of false diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med 29:225\u2013230","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"5558_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7760","volume":"37","author":"N Melamed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melamed N, Yogev Y, Danon D, Mashiach R, Meizner I, Ben-Haroush A (2011) Sonographic estimation of fetal head circumference: how accurate are we? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:65\u201371","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.09.034","volume":"125","author":"V Pergialiotis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pergialiotis V, Vlachos D, Protopapas A, Pappa K, Vlachos G (2014) Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations during childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 125:6\u201314","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000720","volume":"125","author":"AM Friedman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedman AM, Ananth CV, Prendergast E, D'Alton ME, Wright JD (2015) Evaluation of third-degree and fourth-degree laceration rates as quality indicators. Obstet Gynecol 125:927\u2013937","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.10.013","volume":"207","author":"NS Lund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lund NS, Persson LK, Jang\u00f6 H, Gommesen D, Westergaard HB (2016) Episiotomy in vacuum-assisted delivery affects the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 207:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"5558_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.013","volume":"56","author":"RP Deane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deane RP (2019) Operative vaginal delivery and pelvic floor complications. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 56:81\u201392","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"5558_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05404-5","volume":"301","author":"M Franchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franchi M, Parissone F, Lazzari C et al (2020) Selective use of episiotomy: what is the impact on perineal trauma? Results from a retrospective cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 301:427\u2013435","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05317-3","volume":"300","author":"G Levin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levin G, Rottenstreich A (2019) Operative delivery in nuliiparous: deserves an episiotomy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 300:1473\u20131474","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"5558_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126977","volume":"187","author":"HE Richter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richter HE, Brumfield CG, Cliver SP, Burgio KL, Neely CL, Varner RE (2002) Risk factors associated with anal sphincter tear: a comparison of primiparous patients, vaginal births after cesarean deliveries, and patients with previous vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:1194\u20131198","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5558_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.03.002","volume":"150","author":"V Revicky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Revicky V, Nirmal D, Mukhopadhyay S, Morris EP, Nieto JJ (2010) Could a mediolateral episiotomy prevent obstetric anal sphincter injury? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 150:142\u2013146","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"5558_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2007.00739.x","volume":"47","author":"E Gerdin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerdin E, Sverrisdottir G, Badi A, Carlsson B, Graf W (2007) The role of maternal age and episiotomy in the risk of anal sphincter tears during childbirth. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 47:286\u2013290","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"5558_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.889113","volume":"27","author":"Y Loewenberg-Weisband","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loewenberg-Weisband Y, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Ioscovich A, Samueloff A, Calderon-Margalit R (2014) Epidural analgesia and severe perineal tears: a literature review and large cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 27:1864\u20131869","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T21:20:10Z","timestamp":1620076810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05558-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0067","1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0067","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required and was waived by the institutional review board approval. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}