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We hypothesize that the immune cell populations of uterine natural killer cells (uNK) and plasma cells (PC) which define chronic endometritis could differ in patients with or without endometriosis and therefore be the link to endometriosis-associated infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our retrospective study includes 173 patients that underwent an endometrial scratching in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and subsequently immunohistochemical examination for uNK cells and PC. Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with endometriosis, 106 served as the control cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk for an elevated number of uNK cells in women with endometriosis is not increased as compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that patients with endometriosis are 1.3 times more likely to have chronic endometritis (CE) as compared to those without and that the treatment with doxycycline might increase pregnancy rates. Endometriosis and an increased number of uNK cells seem to be unrelated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to the lately published connection between endometriosis, infertility and increased uNK cells, we could not find any evidence that patients with endometriosis are more prone to elevated uterine uNK cells. Counting of PC in endometrial biopsies might be a new approach in the search of biomarkers for the nonsurgical diagnosis of endometriosis since our findings suggest a connection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T09:03:01Z","timestamp":1594717381000},"page":"1487-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Are uterine natural killer and plasma cells in infertility patients associated with endometriosis, repeated implantation failure, or recurrent pregnancy loss?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Freitag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja N.","family":"Fehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo R.","family":"Markert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riku","family":"Togawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Steffen","family":"Kruessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4934-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunja M.","family":"Baston-Buest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5260-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra P.","family":"Bielfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5679_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.037","volume":"99","author":"ME Thoma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thoma ME, McLain AC, Louis JF, King RB, Trumble AC, Sundaram R, Buck Louis GM (2013) Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach. 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Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 43(1):14\u201315","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T18:23:53Z","timestamp":1667413433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05679-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0067","1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0067","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflict of interest or competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The retrospective study was approved by the ethical committee of the medical faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, and the use of the data by the ethical committee of the University of Jena. Registration number D\u00fcsseldorf: 2016065133 (approved: July 28th, 2016). Registration number Jena: 2019-1305-Daten.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}