{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T21:58:13Z","timestamp":1781906293283,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"the\u00a0National\u00a0Natural Science\u00a0Foundation\u00a0of\u00a0China\u00a0Grant","award":["NSFC-81572575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC-81572575"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1601136161000},"page":"547-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Severe cervical inflammation and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"lingling","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2860-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongqiu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74","volume":"55","author":"DM Parkin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2002) Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 55:74\u2013108","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"5804_CR2","first-page":"154","volume":"41","author":"JR Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng JR, Tao SY, Wen Y, Yang X, Ma JQ, Zhao F, Chen ZY, Zhang GT, Qiao YL, Zhao FH et al (2019) Cost-effectiveness analysis of cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China. Chin J Oncol 41:154\u2013160","journal-title":"Chin J Oncol"},{"key":"5804_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199304000-00018","volume":"12","author":"AG \u00d6st\u00f6r","year":"1993","unstructured":"\u00d6st\u00f6r AG (1993) Natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a critical review. Int J Gynecol Pathol 12:186\u2013192","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"5804_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000331547","volume":"42","author":"JL Papillo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Papillo JL, Zarka MA, St John TL (1998) Evaluation of the ThinPrep Pap test in clinical practice. Acta Cytol 42:203\u2013208","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"5804_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000296488.85807.b3","volume":"111","author":"BC ArbynM","year":"2008","unstructured":"ArbynM BC, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch P, Siebers AG, Bulten J (2008) Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 111:167\u2013177","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5804_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00176-8","volume":"90","author":"O Abulafia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abulafia O, Pezzullo JC, Sherer DM (2003) Performance of ThinPrep liquid-based cervical cytology in comparison with conventionally prepared Papanicolaou smears: a quantitative survey. Gynecol Oncol 90:137\u2013144","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"5804_CR7","first-page":"049","volume":"4","author":"W Guang-ming","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guang-ming W (2010) TCT value of detection. Harbin Med J 4:049","journal-title":"Harbin Med J"},{"key":"5804_CR8","volume-title":"China\u2019s health statistics yearbook 2013","author":"MOH","year":"2013","unstructured":"MOH (2013) China\u2019s health statistics yearbook 2013. Peking Union Medical College Press, Beijing"},{"key":"5804_CR9","first-page":"1021","volume":"10","author":"PE Castle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Castle PE, Hillier SL, Rabe LK, Hildesheim A, Herrero R, Bratti MC, Alfaro M (2001) An association of cervical inflammation with high-grade cervical neoplasia in women infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:1021\u20131027","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"5804_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"198","author":"J Walboomers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walboomers J, Jacob M, Manos M, Bosch FX, Klummer JA, ShahKV SPJ, PetoJ MCJ, Munoz N (1999) Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol 198:12\u201319","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"5804_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003478","volume":"31","author":"PE Castle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Castle PE, Giuliano AR (2003) Chapter 4: genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients\u2014assessing their roles as humanpapillomavirus cofactors. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:29\u201334","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"5804_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6766","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1091","volume":"64","author":"A Kobayashi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kobayashi A, Greenblatt RM, Anastos K et al (2004) Functional attributes of mucosal immunity in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and effects of HIV infection. Cancer Res 64:6766\u20136774","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5804_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2835-5","volume":"17","author":"AT Amorim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amorim AT, Marques LM, Campos GB, Lob\u00e3o TN, de Souza LV, Cintra RC, Andreoli MA, Villa LL, Boccardo E, Junior ACRB, L\u00f3pez RVM et al (2017) Co-infection of sexually transmitted pathogens and Human Papillomavirus in cervical samples of women of Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 17:769","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5804_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_9_19","volume":"40","author":"N Madaan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madaan N, Pandhi D, Sharma V, Bhattacharya SN, Guleria K, Mishra K, Bharadwaj M (2019) Association of abnormal cervical cytology with coinfection of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 40:57\u201363","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"5804_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.9.3893","volume":"16","author":"ZC Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu ZC, Liu WD, Liu YH, YeXH CSD (2015) Multiple sexual partners as a potential independent risk factor for cervical cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 16:3893\u20133900","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"5804_CR16","first-page":"18","volume":"438","author":"M Morris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morris M, Roett MA (2015) Genital cancers in women: cervical cancer. FP Essent 438:18\u201323","journal-title":"FP Essent"},{"key":"5804_CR17","first-page":"386","volume":"25","author":"L Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang L, Huangpu XM, Zhang SW, Lu FZ, Sun XD, Sun J, Mu R, Li LD, Qiao YL (2003) Changes of mortality rate for cervical cancer during 1970\u2019s and 1990\u2019s periods in China. Acta Acad Med Sinicae 25:386\u2013390","journal-title":"Acta Acad Med Sinicae"},{"key":"5804_CR18","first-page":"23","volume":"79","author":"LA Brinton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Hamman RF, Huggins GR et al (1987) Sexual and reproductive risk factors for invasive squamous cell cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 79:23\u201330","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"5804_CR19","first-page":"3657","volume":"50","author":"CJ Jones","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jones CJ, Brinton LA, Hamman RF et al (1990) Risk factors for in situ cervical cancer: results from a case-control study. Cancer Res 50:3657\u20133662","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"5804_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.4.1031","volume":"20","author":"J Wudtisan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wudtisan J, Tantipalakorn C, Charoenkwan K, Sreshthaputra RA, Srisomboon J (2019) Factors associated with development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix in women younger than 30 years. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 20:1031\u20131036","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"5804_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0218016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218016","volume":"14","author":"E Kasamatsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasamatsu E, Rodr\u00edguez Riveros MI, Soilan AM, Ortega M, Mongel\u00f3s P, P\u00e1ez M, Castro A, Cristaldo C, B\u00e1ez FR, Centuri\u00f3n CC, ESTAMPA Paraguay Center study group et al (2019) Factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and high-grade cervical neoplasia: a population-based study in Paraguay. PLoS ONE 14:e0218016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5804_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1099","volume":"20","author":"KS Tewari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tewari KS, Monk BJ (2014) New strategies in advanced cervical cancer: from angiogenesis blockade to immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 20:5349\u20135358","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"5804_CR23","first-page":"14","volume":"28","author":"B Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li B, Zhang L, Zhao J, Tan G, Zhang W, Zhang N, Tian J, Qu P (2019) The value of cytokine levels in triage and risk prediction for women with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection of the cervix. Infect Agent Cancer 28:14\u201316","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"5804_CR24","first-page":"1350","volume":"15","author":"L Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia L, Li F, Shao M, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhao X et al (2018) IL-8 is upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and is associated with the proliferation and migration of HeLa cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett 15:1350\u20131356","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"5804_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20180483","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180483","volume":"38","author":"YY Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan YY, Nan Y, Huang JJ, Zhong H, Zhou WD (2018) Up-regulation of inflammation-related LncRNA-IL7R predicts poor clinical outcome in patients with cervical cancer. Biosci Rep 38:BSR20180483","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"5804_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i4.753","volume":"5","author":"TP Kirvis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirvis TP, Margarita BR, Claudia MG, Ana IBG, V\u00edctor HBM, Oscar PZ, Vicente MM (2014) Role of IL-10 and TGF-\u03b21 in local immunosuppression in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia. World J Clin Oncol 5:753\u2013763","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"5804_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.025","volume":"26","author":"R Herrero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrero R, Ferreccio C, Salmeron J, Almonte M, Sanchez GI, Lazcano-Ponce E, Jeronimo J (2008) New approaches to cervical cancer screening in Latin America and the Caribbean. Vaccine 26(Suppl 11):L49\u201358","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5804_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744995000445","volume":"3","author":"JR Schwebke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwebke JR, Schulien MB, Zajackowski M (1995) Pilot study to evaluate the appropriate management of patients with coexistent bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 3:119\u2013122","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5804_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.5532","volume":"102","author":"KJ Sales","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sales KJ, Katz AA (2012) Inflammatory pathways in cervical cancer\u2014the UCT contribution. S Afr Med J 102:493\u2013496","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"5804_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.012","volume":"56","author":"MA Marks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marks MA, Viscidi RP, Chang K et al (2011) Differences in the concentration and correlation of cervical immune markers among HPV positive and negative perimenopausal women. Cytokine 56:798\u2013803","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"5804_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1943","volume":"85","author":"KJ O\u2019Byrne","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Byrne KJ, Dalgleish AG (2001) Chronic immune activation and inflammation as the cause of malignancy. Br J Cancer 85:473\u2013483","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"5804_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3490-1","volume":"18","author":"K Torres-Poveda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres-Poveda K, Bahena-Rom\u00e1n M, Delgado-Romero K, Madrid-Marina V (2018) A prospective cohort study to evaluate immunosuppressive cytokines as predictors of viral persistence and progression to pre-malignant lesion in the cervix in women infected with HR-HPV: study protocol. BMC Infect Dis 18:582","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5804_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910283","volume":"364","author":"RS Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz RS, Eltzschig HK, Carmeliet P (2011) Hypoxia and inflammation. N Engl J Med 364:656\u2013665","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5804_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","volume":"420","author":"LM Coussens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420:860\u2013867","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5804_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e318290405a","volume":"33","author":"EM Fukazawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fukazawa EM, Baiocchi G, Soares FA et al (2014) Cox-2, EGFR, and ERBB-2 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer using an automated imaging system. Int J Gynecol Pathol 33:225\u2013234","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"5804_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.11.023","volume":"105","author":"LS Hammes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hammes LS, Tekmal RR, Naud P et al (2007) Macrophages, inflammation and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression\u2013clinicopathological correlation. Gynecol Oncol 105:157\u2013165","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"5804_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21831","volume":"125","author":"YK Heher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heher YK, Chen YG, VanderLaan PA (2017) Measuring and assuring quality performance in cytology: a toolkit. Cancer Cytopathol 125:502\u2013507","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"5804_CR38","first-page":"266","volume":"65","author":"L Feller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feller L, Wood NH, Khammissa RA, Chikte UM, Meyerov R, Lemmer J (2010) HPV modulation of host immune responses. SADJ 65:266\u2013268","journal-title":"SADJ"},{"key":"5804_CR39","first-page":"1947","volume":"23","author":"XJ Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv XJ, Tang Q, Tu YQ, Yan DD, Wei QC (2019) Long noncoding RNA PCAT6 regulates cell growth and metastasis via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway and is a prognosis marker in cervical cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 23:1947\u20131956","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"5804_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1037-y","volume":"38","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang W, Yan M, Qiu J, Chen J, Sun X, Chen X, Song L, Zhang Y (2019) Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 promotes metastasis of cervical carcinoma cells by activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 38:33","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"5804_CR41","first-page":"1531","volume":"41","author":"M Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng M, Zhou Q, Liu X, Wang C, Liu G (2019) CTHRC1 overexpression promotes cervical carcinoma progression by activating the Wnt\/PCP signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 41:1531\u20131538","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"5804_CR42","first-page":"412","volume":"15","author":"WZ You","year":"2018","unstructured":"You WZ, Li SC, Du R, Zheng JZ, Shen AF (2018) Epidemiological study of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in subjects with abnormal cytological findings in cervical cancer screening. Exp Ther Med 15:412\u2013418","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"5804_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.12.007","volume":"87","author":"I Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh I, Muwonge R, Mittal S et al (2017) Association between high risk human papillomavirus infection and co-infection with Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in women with cervical premalignant and malignant lesions. J Clin Virol 87:43\u201348","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"5804_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.13.5127","volume":"15","author":"FT Daloglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daloglu FT, Karakaya YA, Balta H, Altun E, Duman A (2014) Cervical cytological screening results of 8,495 cases in Turkey\u2014common inflammation but infrequent epithelial cell abnormalities? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15:5127\u20135131","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T23:24:48Z","timestamp":1632612288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-020-05804-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0067","1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0067","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was registered under the number (SYSEC-KY-KS-2019-110) and approved by the Institutional Review Board in Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}