{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T19:47:29Z","timestamp":1758397649342,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Prof. T. Naicker"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T15:03:30Z","timestamp":1619017410000},"page":"1467-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The function of adipsin and C9 protein in the complement system in HIV-associated preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"304","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0688-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikyle","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagidesa","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thajasvarie","family":"Naicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6069_CR1","first-page":"9","volume":"109","author":"J Moodley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moodley J, Soma-Pillay P, Buchmann E, Pattinson R (2019) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: 2019 National guideline South African. Med J 109:9","journal-title":"Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6069_CR2","first-page":"4","volume":"108","author":"J Moodley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moodley J, Fawcus S, Pattinson R (2018) Improvements in maternal mortality in South Africa, South African. Med J 108(3):4\u20138","journal-title":"Med J"},{"issue":"15","key":"6069_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153728","volume":"20","author":"T Naicker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naicker T, Phoswa WN, Onyangunga OA, Gathiram P, Moodley J (2019) Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and the immune response in South African preeclamptic women receiving HAART. Int J Mol Sci. 20(15):3728","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-009","volume":"27","author":"P Gathiram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gathiram P, Moodley J (2016) Pre-eclampsia: its pathogenesis and pathophysiolgy. Cardiovasc J Afr 27(2):71","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803","volume":"72","author":"MA Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S et al (2018) Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Hypertension 72(1):24\u201343","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"6069_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12081115","volume":"11","author":"E Phipps","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phipps E, Prasanna D, Brima W, Jim B (2016) Preeclampsia: updates in pathogenesis, definitions, and guidelines. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11(6):1102\u20131113","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6069_CR7","first-page":"591","volume":"22","author":"O Onyangunga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onyangunga O, Naicker T, Moodley J (2019) Maternal and perinatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in early and late onset preeclampsia with HIV positive and HIV negative South African Women Nigerian. J Clin Pract 22(5):591","journal-title":"J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"6069_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00250","volume":"61","author":"AC Staff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Staff AC, Benton SJ, von Dadelszen P, Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Powers RW et al (2013) Redefining preeclampsia using placenta-derived biomarkers. Hypertension 61(5):932\u2013942","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-120021060","volume":"22","author":"P Von Dadelszen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Roberts JM (2003) Subclassification of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregn 22(2):143\u2013148","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregn"},{"issue":"11","key":"6069_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0786-2","volume":"19","author":"R McNally","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNally R, Alqudah A, Obradovic D, McClements L (2017) Elucidating the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia using in vitro models of spiral uterine artery remodelling. Curr Hypert Rep 19(11):93","journal-title":"Curr Hypert Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"6069_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.201700029","volume":"109","author":"JL Ma\u00eetre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma\u00eetre JL (2017) Mechanics of blastocyst morphogenesis. Biol Cell. 109(9):323\u2013338","journal-title":"Biol Cell."},{"key":"6069_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15271","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15271","volume":"5","author":"H Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li H, Ohta H, Tahara Y, Nakamura S, Taguchi K, Nakagawa M et al (2015) Artificial oxygen carriers rescue placental hypoxia and improve fetal development in the rat pre-eclampsia model. Sci Rep. 5:15271","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"9939","key":"6069_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60164-1","volume":"384","author":"G Maartens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maartens G, Celum C, Lewin SR (2014) HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Lancet 384(9939):258\u2013271","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6069_CR14","unstructured":"Unaids. UNAIDS Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u20142020 fact sheet. 2020."},{"key":"6069_CR15","unstructured":"Stats S. Mid year population estimates 2018. Statistics South Africa. 2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2012-078","volume":"24","author":"V Kalumba","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalumba V, Moodley J, Naidoo T (2013) Is the prevalence of pre-eclampsia affected by HIV\/AIDS? A retrospective case\u2013control study. Cardiovasc J Afr 24(2):24","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"issue":"7","key":"6069_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802041961","volume":"21","author":"NG Than","year":"2008","unstructured":"Than NG, Erez O, Wildman DE, Tarca AL, Edwin SS, Abbas A et al (2008) Severe preeclampsia is characterized by increased placental expression of galectin-1. J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med 21(7):429\u2013442","journal-title":"J Mater Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6069_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00262","volume":"6","author":"NS Merle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merle NS, Church SE, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT (2015) Complement system part I\u2013molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation. Front Immunol 6:262","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6069_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noris M, Remuzzi G, editors. Overview of complement activation and regulation. Seminars in nephrology; 2013: Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.08.001"},{"key":"6069_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00312","volume":"5","author":"AI Lokki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lokki AI, Heikkinen-Eloranta J, Jarva H, Saisto T, Lokki M-L, Laivuori H et al (2014) Complement activation and regulation in preeclamptic placenta. Front Immunol 5:312","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6069_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito S, Shiozaki A, Sasaki Y, Nakashima A, Shima T, Ito M, editors. Regulatory T cells and regulatory natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in feto-maternal tolerance. Seminars in immunopathology; 2007: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-007-0067-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.10.003","volume":"88","author":"HA Otun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otun HA, Lash GE, Innes BA, Bulmer JN, Naruse K, Hannon T et al (2011) Effect of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in combination with interferon-\u03b3 on first trimester extravillous trophoblast invasion. J Reprod Immunol 88(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR23","first-page":"41","volume":"9","author":"I Osman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Osman I, Young A, Ledingham MA, Thomson AJ, Jordan F, Greer IA et al (2003) Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term. MHR. 9(1):41\u201345","journal-title":"MHR."},{"key":"6069_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00244","volume":"5","author":"A Perez-Sepulveda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez-Sepulveda A, Torres MJ, Khoury M, Illanes SE (2014) Innate immune system and preeclampsia. Front Immunol 5:244","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(03)00045-7","volume":"59","author":"S Saito","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saito S, Sakai M (2003) Th1\/Th2 balance in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 59(2):161\u2013173","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"6069_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20073","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20073","volume":"6","author":"NE Poveda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poveda NE, Garc\u00e9s MF, Ruiz-Linares CE, Var\u00f3n D, Valderrama S, Sanchez E et al (2016) Serum Adipsin Levels throughout Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Sci Rep. 6:20073","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"6069_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0784-4","volume":"19","author":"JF Regal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Regal JF, Burwick RM, Fleming SD (2017) The complement system and preeclampsia. Curr Hypert Rep 19(11):87","journal-title":"Curr Hypert Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05717-0","volume":"9","author":"BA Spicer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spicer BA, Law RH, Caradoc-Davies TT, Ekkel SM, Bayly-Jones C, Pang S-S et al (2018) The first transmembrane region of complement component-9 acts as a brake on its self-assembly. Nat Commun 9(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6069_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954806","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/954806","volume":"2013","author":"D Guha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guha D, Ayyavoo V (2013) Innate immune evasion strategies by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. ISRN AIDS. 2013:954806","journal-title":"ISRN AIDS."},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR30","first-page":"4","volume":"1","author":"M Balasubramaniam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balasubramaniam M, Pandhare J, Dash C (2019) Immune Control of HIV. J Life Sci (Westlake Village). 1(1):4\u201337","journal-title":"J Life Sci (Westlake Village)."},{"issue":"4","key":"6069_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02688","volume":"64","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhou R, Gao L, Wang Y, Song C, Gong Y et al (2014) Elevation of urinary adipsin in preeclampsia: correlation with urine protein concentration and the potential use for a rapid diagnostic test. Hypertension 64(4):846\u2013851","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"6069_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2016.1178773","volume":"35","author":"T Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang T, Zhou R, Gao L, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang L (2016) Clinical assessment of the specificity of an adipsin rapid test for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Hypert Pregn 35(3):420\u2013425","journal-title":"Hypert Pregn"},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-200059849","volume":"24","author":"R Gangaram","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gangaram R, Ojwang P, Moodley J, Maharaj D (2005) The accuracy of urine dipsticks as a screening test for proteinuria in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hypert Pregn 24(2):117\u2013123","journal-title":"Hypert Pregn"},{"issue":"6","key":"6069_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00266.x","volume":"4","author":"LN Choy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Choy LN, Spiegelman BM (1996) Regulation of alternative pathway activation and C3a production by adipose cells. Obesity Res. 4(6):521\u2013522","journal-title":"Obesity Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"6069_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00476-0","volume":"10","author":"BP Morgan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morgan BP, Holmes CH (2000) Immunology of reproduction: protecting the placenta. Curr Biol 10(10):R381\u2013R383","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6069_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(02)00686-7","volume":"1609","author":"K Cianflone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cianflone K, Xia Z, Chen LY (2003) Critical review of acylation-stimulating protein physiology in humans and rodents. Biochem Biophys Acta 1609(2):127\u2013143","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Acta"},{"key":"6069_CR37","first-page":"134","volume":"55","author":"A Ghio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghio A, Bertolotto A, Resi V, Volpe L, Di Cianni G (2011) Triglyceride metabolism in pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem. 55:134","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"6069_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2009.10.3.197","volume":"10","author":"MM Soliman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soliman MM, El-Senosi YAF, Salem MM, Hamid OMA, Kazuhiro K (2009) Role of protease inhibitors and acylation stimulating protein in the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Vet Sci. 10(3):197\u2013201","journal-title":"J Vet Sci."},{"key":"6069_CR39","first-page":"1006180284","volume":"1","author":"A Takeshita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takeshita A, Kondo T, Okada T, Kusakabe KT (2010) Elevation of adipsin, a complement activating factor, in the mouse placenta during spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Dev. 1:1006180284","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev."},{"key":"6069_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saad M, Santos A, Prada P. Linking gut microbiota and inflammation to obesity and insulin resistance. Physiology. 2016.","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00041.2015"},{"key":"6069_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001079","volume":"73","author":"AEBCT Rossheim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossheim AEBCT, Hair PS, Shan T et al (2016) effects of well controlled HIV infection on complement activation and function. J Acquire Immune Defic Syndr 73:20\u201326","journal-title":"J Acquire Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"6069_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.03.021","volume":"122","author":"YD He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He YD, Xu BN, Wang ML, Wang YQ, Yu F, Chen Q, Zhao MH (2020) Dysregulation of complement system during pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia. Mol Immunol. 122:69\u201379","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"key":"6069_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"2014","author":"B Landi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landi B, Bezzeccheri V, Guerra B, Piemontese M, Cervi F, Cecchi L et al (2014) HIV infection in pregnancy and the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. World J Cardiovasc Dis 2014:1","journal-title":"World J Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"6069_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.8","volume":"7","author":"Q Yu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yu Q, Qin X (2010) The good and evil of complement activation in HIV-1 infection. Cell Mol Immunol. 7:334\u2013340","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"6069_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"132","author":"RM Burwick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burwick RM, Velasquez JA, Valencia CM, Gutierrez-Marin J, Edna-Estrada F, Silva JL et al (2018) Terminal complement activation in Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Forum. 132:1","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Forum."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6069_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.01.021","volume":"47","author":"Z Derzsy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derzsy Z, Proh\u00e1szka Z, Rig\u00f3 J, F\u00fcst G, Molvarec A (2010) Activation of the complement system in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Mol Immunol. 47(7\u20138):1500\u20131506","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"6069_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508928200","volume":"281","author":"DE Hourcade","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hourcade DE (2006) The role of properdin in the assembly of the alternative pathway C3 convertases of complement. J Biol Chem 281(4):2128\u20132132","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6069_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10588","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10588","volume":"7","author":"NV Dudkina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dudkina NV, Spicer BA, Reboul CF, Conroy PJ, Lukoyanova N, Elmlund H et al (2016) Structure of the poly-C9 component of the complement membrane attack complex. Nat Commun. 7:10588","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/smj.smj_1_19","volume":"23","author":"A Umar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Umar A, Oripelaye M, Olanrewaju F, Onayemi O, Olasode O, Oninla O (2020) Determinants of discordant immune response in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Sahel Med J 23(1):22\u201328","journal-title":"Sahel Med J"},{"key":"6069_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0243-9","volume":"20","author":"FDS Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu FDS, Gordon J, Qin X (2014) complement and HIV-1 infection\/HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol. 20:184\u2013198","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"issue":"1","key":"6069_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.8","volume":"6","author":"X Shi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shi X, Zhang B, Zang J, Wang G, Gao M (2009) CD59 silencing via retrovirus-mediated RNA interference enhanced complement-mediated cell damage in ovary cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 6(1):61\u201366","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6069_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70274-1","volume":"47","author":"MM Frank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frank MM (2000) Complement deficiencies. Pediatr Clin North Am 47(6):1339\u20131354","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T22:04:57Z","timestamp":1675202697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-021-06069-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0067","1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0932-0067"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors on this paper wish to declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Administration, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, for the use of retrospectively collected samples. Ethics No: BCA 338\/17.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Consent to participate and for publication Health authority permission, written informed consent from all participants as well as hospital managers\u2019 approval, is available for this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}