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Fertilization and clinical outcomes were compared among those three groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>When considering the R-ICSI embryos in the early R-ICSI group independently, the rates of fertilization and day-3 cleaved embryos in 2PN oocytes were comparable, the rates of fertilization (2PN) and high-quality embryos were lower, whereas the multi-PN fertilization rate (3.27%) was significantly higher than the ICSI group (1.26%). The difference of clinical pregnancy rate between the part of transferred R-ICSI embryos (40.81%) and the ICSI group (44.73%) remained nonsignificant. Furthermore, the rate of congenital birth defects in the early R-ICSI group (0.99%) was not significantly different from those in the short-term IVF (0.76%) and ICSI groups (1.07%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the multi-PN fertilization rate, our study highlights early R-ICSI as a safe and effective alternative in assisted reproduction to decrease complete IVF fertilization failure and reduce ICSI utilization. Additional large amount and long-term follow-up studies are needed to further validate the use of early R-ICSI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06445-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T07:02:29Z","timestamp":1649142149000},"page":"249-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Fertilization and neonatal outcomes after early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a retrospective analysis of 16,769 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4193-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00522-7","volume":"73","author":"AA Yuzpe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yuzpe AA, Liu Z, Fluker MR (2000) Rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)\u2014salvaging in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles after total or near-total fertilization failure. 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