{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:35:31Z","timestamp":1790876131088,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a benign, cutaneous, chronic inflammatory (autoimmunological) disease. The differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) accounts for a precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and is often associated with lichen sclerosus. Although the association between lichen sclerosus and vulvar carcinoma has long been recognized, there is a lack of evidence in literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective study examined pseudonymized data of 499 women diagnosed with vulvar pathology between 2008 and 2020 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Hannover Medical School (MHH). Data were further stratified for the time of onset, location of disease, accompanying disease, HPV status and progression of disease into vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 56 patients were diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus. The mean onset of disease was at 60.3\u00a0years of age. After subdividing cases of diagnosed LS into those who did not develop vulvar carcinoma in their course and those who did, the ages at onset are 52.66\u2009\u00b1\u200917.35 and 68.41\u2009\u00b1\u200910.87, respectively. The incidence of vulvar cancer in women diagnosed with lichen sclerosus was 48.2%. Twenty-five patients reported a diagnosis of VIN in their self-reported history.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In our retrospective study, we showed a trend between vulvar lichen sclerosus and VSCC. The difference between the two age groups of patients diagnosed with lichen sclerosus who developed vulvar carcinoma and those who did not is statistically significant. Our results highlight the importance to diagnose lichen sclerosus early to ensure adequate follow-up and prevent progression to VSCC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06848-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1669024984000},"page":"1921-1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization of patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus and association to vulvar carcinoma: a retrospective single center analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Steinkasserer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hachenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hillemanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jentschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.09.034","volume":"135","author":"KB Fergus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA et al (2020) Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of lichen sclerosus: a systematic review. 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The Ethics Committee has no objections to the implementation of the study project. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their legal guardians under Ethical approval and consent to participate section.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}