{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:38:56Z","timestamp":1771306736684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To study the long-term results of utero-vaginal anastomosis in cases of cervical malformations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a retrospective cohort study. Nine patients presented with cryptomenorrhea due to cervical malformations (5 patients with cervical agenesis and vaginal aplasia, 2 patients with cervical agenesis and upper vaginal aplasia, and two patients with cervical dysgenesis in form of cervical obstruction). Five patients had utero-vaginal anastomosis (UVA) with McIndoe vaginoplasty. Four patients had UVA without vaginoplasty. Follow-up was done by transabdominal and\/or transvaginal ultrasound monthly for the first 3 months then every 6 months thereafter for a duration that ranged from 15 to 82\u00a0months. The main outcome measures are achieving menstruation, dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), needed interventions after primary surgery, infertility, and pregnancy rate.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nine (100%) patients achieved menstruation, one (12%) experienced severe dysmenorrhea, two (22%) had PID, seven (78%) needed dilatation of the anastomosis site, three (33%) needed reoperation, nine (100%) had primary infertility, two (28.5%) achieved clinical pregnancy, and only one (14%) ended by live birth.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Conservative surgery for cervical malformation is a promising choice for relieving the obstructive symptoms. Regular dilatation is recommended. Pregnancy is a remote hope that is hindered by many challenges.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T17:18:01Z","timestamp":1669655881000},"page":"1001-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utero-vaginal anastomosis in cases of cervical malformations: long-term follow-up and fertility challenges"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6858_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.02.006","volume":"113","author":"T Mikos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mikos T, Gordts S, Grimbizis GF (2020) Current knowledge about the management of congenital cervical malformations: a literature review. Fertil Steril 113:723\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.02.006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"6858_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.024","volume":"94","author":"JA Rock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rock JA, Roberts CP, HWJ, (2010) Congenital anomalies of the uterine cervix: lessons from 30 cases managed clinically by a common protocol. Fertil Sterility. 94(5):1858\u20131863","journal-title":"Fertil Sterility."},{"key":"6858_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3329\/bmjk.v46i1-2.18237","volume":"46","author":"R Sultana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sultana R, Haque N, Begum F (2013) Effective uterovaginal anastomosis done in cervical agenesis with menouria. Bang Med J Khulna 46:28\u201330","journal-title":"Bang Med J Khulna"},{"key":"6858_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.06.001","volume":"30","author":"M Zayed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zayed M, Fouad R, Elsetohy KA, Hashem AT, A A AbdAllah AIF, (2017) Uterovaginal Anastomosis for cases of Cryptomenorrhea due to cervical atresia with vaginal aplasia: benefits and risks. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 30:641\u2013645","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"6858_CR5","first-page":"129","volume":"1","author":"JA Rock","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rock JA, Carpenter SE, Wheeless CR, Jones HW (1995) The clinical management of maldevelopment of the uterine cervix. J Pelvic Surg 1:129\u2013133","journal-title":"J Pelvic Surg"},{"key":"6858_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70085-1","volume":"177","author":"VY Fujimoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fujimoto VY, Miller JH, Klein NA, Soules MR (1997) Congenital cervical atresia: report of seven cases and review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:1419\u20131425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70085-1","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6858_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh213","volume":"19","author":"GF Grimbizis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grimbizis GF, Tsalikis T, Mikos T et al (2004) Successful end-to-end cervico-cervical anastomosis in a patient with congenital cervical fragmentation: case report. Hum Reprod 19:1204\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh213","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"6858_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.10.030","volume":"28","author":"T Mikos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mikos T, Lantzanaki M, Anthoulakis C, Grimbizis GF (2021) Functional and reproductive outcomes following surgical management of congenital anomalies of the cervix: a systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 28:1452-1461.e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.10.030","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T08:07:46Z","timestamp":1679040466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06858-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki after being approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Faculty of medicine, Cairo University. Approval number (N-60-2022).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}