{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:26:49Z","timestamp":1787668009833,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the spectrum of underlying pathologies, the intrauterine course and postnatal outcome of 46 fetuses with megacystis that underwent intrauterine vesico-amniotic shunting (VAS) with the Somatex\u00ae shunt in a single center.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 46 fetuses with megacystis that underwent VAS either up to 14\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks (early VAS), between 14\u2009+\u20091 and 17\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks (intermediate VAS) or after 17\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks of gestation (late VAS) in a single tertiary referral center. Intrauterine course, underlying pathology and postnatal outcome were assessed and correlated with the underlying pathology and gestational age at first VAS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>46 fetuses underwent VAS, 41 (89%) were male and 5 (11%) were female. 28 (61%) fetuses had isolated and 18 (39%) had complex megacystis with either aneuploidy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), anorectal malformations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), cloacal malformations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), congenital anomalies overlapping with VACTER association (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or Megacystis\u2013Microcolon Intestinal\u2013Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (MMIHS) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092). The sonographic \u2018keyhole sign\u2019 significantly predicted isolated megacystis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). 7 pregnancies were terminated, 4 babies died in the neonatal period, 1 baby died at the age of 2.5\u00a0months and 34 (74%) infants survived until last follow-up. After exclusion of the terminated pregnancies, intention-to-treat survival rate was 87%. Mean follow-up period was 24\u00a0months (range 1\u201372). The underlying pathology was highly variable and included posterior urethral valve (46%), hypoplastic or atretic urethra (35%), MMIHS or prune belly syndrome (10%) and primary vesico-ureteral reflux (2%). In 7% no pathology could be detected postnatally. No sonographic marker was identified to predict the underlying pathology prenatally. 14 fetuses underwent early, 24 intermediate and 8 late VAS. In the early VAS subgroup, amnion infusion prior to VAS was significantly less often necessary (7%), shunt complications were significantly less common (29%) and immediate kidney replacement therapy postnatally became less often necessary (0%). In contrast, preterm delivery\u2009\u2264\u200932\u2009+\u20090\u00a0weeks was more common (30%) and survival rate was lower (70%) after early VAS compared to intermediate or late VAS. Overall, 90% of liveborn babies had sufficient kidney function without need for kidney replacement therapy until last follow-up, and 95% had sufficient pulmonary function without need for mechanical respiratory support. 18% of babies with complex megacystis suffered from additional health restrictions due to their major concomitant malformations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data suggest that VAS is feasible from the first trimester onward. Early intervention has the potential to preserve neonatal kidney function in the majority of cases and enables neonatal survival in up to 87% of cases. Despite successful fetal intervention, parents should be aware of the potential of mid- or long-term kidney failure and of additional health impairments due to concomitant extra-renal anomalies that cannot be excluded at time of intervention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T22:02:21Z","timestamp":1672956141000},"page":"145-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Single-center outcome analysis of 46 fetuses with megacystis after intrauterine vesico-amniotic shunting with the Somatex\u00aeintrauterine shunt"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7750-6769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kribs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"D\u00fcbbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kohaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. T.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Taylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Habbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Liebau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. M.","family":"Boemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6905_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000020834","volume":"13","author":"JF Abbott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abbott JF, Levine D, Wapner R (2005) Posterior urethral valves: inaccuracy of prenatal diagnosis. Fetal Diagn Ther 13:179\u2013183","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"6905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1878","volume":"25","author":"R Robyr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robyr R, Benachi A, Daikha-Dahmane F, Martinovich J, Dumez Y, Ville Y (2005) Correlation between ultrasound and anatomical findings in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction in the first half of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:478\u2013482","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0410-1","volume":"22","author":"BA Warady","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warady BA, Chadha V (2007) Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 22:1999\u20132009","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4215","volume":"33","author":"M Bornes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bornes M, Spaggiari E, Schmitz T, Dreux S, Czerkiewicz I, Delezoide AL, El-Ghoneimi A, Oury JF, Muller F (2013) Outcome and etiology of fetal megacystis according to the gestational age at diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 33:1162\u20131166","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"6905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.02.018","volume":"84","author":"L Fievet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fievet L, Faure A, Coze SP, Harper L, Panait N, Braunstein D, Carson J, Gorincour G, Chaumoitre K, Guys JM, Alessandrini P, E\u2019Ercole C, Merrot T (2014) Fetal megacystis: etiologies, management, and outcome according to the trimester. Urology 84:185\u2013189","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"6905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000358300","volume":"36","author":"AC M\u00fcller Brochut","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller Brochut AC, Thomann D, Kluwe W, Di Naro E, Kuhn A, Raio L (2014) Fetal megacystis: experience of a single tertiary center in Switzerland over 20 years. Fetal Diagn Ther 36:215\u2013222","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"6905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.09.003","volume":"13","author":"K Taghavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taghavi K, Sharpe C, Striger MD (2017) Fetal megacystis: a systemativ review. J Pediatr Urol 13:7\u201315","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR8","first-page":"295","volume":"19","author":"V Capone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Capone V, Persico N, Berrettini A, Decramer S, De Marco EA, De Palma D, Familiari A, Feitz W, Herthelius M, Kazlauskas V, Liebau M, Manzoni G, Maternik M, Mosiello G, Schanstra JP, Vande Walle J, W\u00fchl E, Ylinen E, Zurowska A, Schaefer F, Montini G (2022) Definition, diagnosis and management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: consensus of the ERKNet CAKUT-obstrutive uropathy work group. Nat Rev 19:295\u2013303","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"6905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970110305","volume":"11","author":"U Nicolini","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nicolini U, Tannirandom Y, Vaughan J, Fisk NM, Nicolaides P, Rodeck CH (1991) Further predictors of renal dysplasia in fetal obstructive uropathy: bladder pressure and biochemistry of fresh urine. Prenat Diagn 11:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"6905_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90909-6","volume":"168","author":"S Lipitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lipitz S, Ryan G, Samuell C, Haeusler MC, Robson SC, Dhillon HK, Nicolini U, Rodeck CH (1993) Fetal urine analysis for the assessment of renal function in obstructive uropathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168:174\u2013179","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65795-1","volume":"156","author":"AL Freedman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freedman AL, Bukowski TP, Smith CA, Evans MI, Johnson MP, Gonzalez R (1996) Fetal therapy for obstructive uropathy: specific outcomes diagnosis. J Urol 156:720\u2013724","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90026-4","volume":"162","author":"TM Crombleholme","year":"1990","unstructured":"Crombleholme TM, Harrison MR, Golbus MS, Longaker MT, Langer JC, Allen PW, Anderson RL, Goldstein RB, Filly RA (1990) Fetal intervention in obstructive uropathy: prognostic indicators and efficacy of intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162:1239\u20131244","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65913-7","volume":"166","author":"G McLorie","year":"2001","unstructured":"McLorie G, Farhat W, Khoury A, Geary D, Ryan G (2001) Outcome analysis of vesicoamniotic shunting in a comprehensive population. J Urol 166:1036\u20131040","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02500.x","volume":"117","author":"RK Morris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morris RK, Malin GL, Khan KS, Kilby MD (2010) Systematic review of the effectiveness of antenatal intervention for the treatment of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. BJOG 117:382\u2013390","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"6905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8981","volume":"37","author":"RK Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris RK, Ruano R, Kilby MD (2011) Effectiveness of fetal cystoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:629\u2013637","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17590","volume":"17","author":"R Morris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morris R, Malin GL, Quinlan-Jones E, Middleton LJ, Diwakar L, Hemming K, Burke D, Daniels J, Denny E, Barton P, Roberts TE, Khan KS, Deeks JJ, Kilby MD (2013) The percutaneous shunting in lower urinary tract obstruction (PLUTO) study and randomized controlled trial: evaluation of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of percutaneous vesicoamniotic shunting for lower urinary tract obstruction. Health Technol Assess 17:1\u2013232","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"6905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60992-7","volume":"382","author":"RK Morris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morris RK, Malin GL, Quinlan-Jones E, Middleton LJ, Hemming K, Burke D, Daniels JP, Khan KS, Deeks J, Kilby MD (2013) Percutaneous vesicoamniotic shunting versus conservative management for fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (PLUTO): a randomized trial. Lancet 382:1496\u20131506","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14808","volume":"456","author":"RK Morris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morris RK, Middleton LJ, Malin GL, Quinlan-Jones E, Daniels J, Khan KS, Deeks J, Kilhy MD (2015) PLUTO Collaborative group. outcome in fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: a prospective registry study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 456:424\u2013431","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14652","volume":"45","author":"R Ruano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruano R, Sananes N, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Hernandez-Ruano S, Moog R, Becmeuer F, Zaloszyc A, Giron AM, Morin B, Favre R (2015) Fetal intervention for severe lower urinary tract obstruction: a multicenter case-control study comparing fetal cystoscopy with vesicoamniotic shunting. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 45:452\u2013458","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4152-4","volume":"294","author":"R Stadie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stadie R, Strizek B, Gottschalk I, Geipel A, Gembruch U, Berg C (2016) Intrauterine vesicoamniotic shunting for fetal megacystis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 294:1175\u20132118","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"6905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3593-8","volume":"32","author":"R Ruano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruano R, Dunn T, Braun MC, Angelo JR, Safdar A (2017) Lower urinary tract obstruction: fetal intervention based on prenatal staging. Pediatr Nephrol 32:1871\u20131878","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6905_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15988","volume":"49","author":"AA Nassr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nassr AA, Shazly AM, Abdelmagied AM, Araujo Junior E, Tonni G, Kilby MD, Ruano R (2017) Effectiveness of vesicoamniotic shunt in fetuses with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 49:696\u2013703","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000500569","volume":"47","author":"N Vinit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vinit N, Gueneuc A, Bessi\u00e8res B, Dreux S, Heidet L, Salomon R, Lapillonne A, De Bernardis G, Salomon LJ, Stirnemann JJ, Blanc T, Ville Y (2020) Fetal cystoscopy and vesicoamniotic shunting in lower urinary tract obstruction: long-term outcome and current technical limitations. Fetal Diagn Ther 47:74\u201383","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"6905_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05598-z","volume":"302","author":"B Strizek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strizek B, Gottschalk I, Recker F, Weber E, Fl\u00f6ck A, Gembruch U, Geipel A, Berg C (2020) Vesicoamniotic shunting for fetal megacystis in the first trimester with a somatex\u00aeintrauterine shunt. Arch Gynecol Obstet 302:133\u2013140","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"6905_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092359","volume":"11","author":"B Strizek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strizek B, Spicher T, Gottschalk I, B\u00f6ckenhoff P, Simonini C, Berg C, Gembruch U, Geipel A (2022) Vesicoamniotic shunting before 17+0 weeks in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO): comparison of Somatex vs harrison shunt systems. J Clin Med 11:2359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092359","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6905_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2022.02.014","volume":"18","author":"T Kohl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohl T, Fimmers R, Axt-Fliedner J, Degenhardt J, Br\u00fcckmann M (2022) Vesico-amniotic shunting prior to the completion of 16 weeks results in improved preservation of renal function in surviving fetuses with isolated severe lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO). J Pediatr Urol 18:129\u2013130","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91381-5","volume":"346","author":"RA Quintero","year":"1995","unstructured":"Quintero RA, Johnson MP, Romero R, Smith C, Arias F, Guevara-Zuloaga F, Cotton DB, Evans MI (1995) In-utero percutaneous cystoscopy in the management of fetal lower obstructive uropathy. Lancet 346:537\u2013540","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13405","volume":"45","author":"N Sananes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sananes N, Favre R, Koh CJ, Zaloszyc A, Braun MC, Roth DR, Moog R, Becmeur F, Belfort MA, Ruano R (2015) Urological fistulas after fetal cystoscopic laser ablation of posterior urethral valves: surgical technical aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 45:183\u2013189","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/app9235155","volume":"9","author":"L Puzzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puzzo L, Giunta G, Caltabiano R, Cianci A, Salvatorelli L (2019) Fetal Megacystis: a new morphologic, immunohistological and embryogenetic approach. Appl Sci 9:1\u20139","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"6905_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2015.07.012","volume":"11","author":"LI Smith-Harrison","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith-Harrison LI, Hougen HY, Timberlake MD, Corbett ST (2015) Current applications of in utero intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction. J Pediatr Urol 11:341\u2013347","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.08060387.x","volume":"8","author":"NJ Sebire","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sebire NJ, Von KC, Rubio C, Snijders RJ, Nicolaides KH (1996) Fetal megacystis at 10\u201314 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 8:387\u2013390","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1510","volume":"103","author":"PG Wheeler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wheeler PG, Weaver DD (2001) Partial urorectal septum malformation sequence: a report of 25 cases. Am J Med Genet 103:99\u2013105","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"6905_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255890","author":"E Lesieur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lesieur E, Barrois M, Bourdon M, Blanc J, Loeuillet L, Delteil C, Torrents J, Bretelle F, Grange G, Tsatsaris V, Anselem O (2021) Megacystis in the first trimester of pregnancy: prognostic factors and perinatal outcomes. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255890","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6905_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7646","volume":"36","author":"KO Kagan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kagan KO, Staboulidou I, Syngelaki A, Cruz J, Nicolaides KH (2010) The 11\u201313 week scan: diagnosis and outcome of holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:10\u201314","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198606000-00019","volume":"67","author":"LJ Mercer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mercer LJ, Brown LG (1986) Fetal outcome with oligohydramnios in the second trimester. Obstet Gynecol 67:840\u2013842","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.07020108.x","volume":"7","author":"TD Shipp","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shipp TD, Bromley B, Pauker S, Frigoletto FD Jr, Benacerraf BR (1996) Outcome of singleton pregnancies with severe oligohydramnios in the second and third trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 7:108\u2013113","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.593","volume":"23","author":"JM Jouannic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jouannic JM, Hyett JA, Pandya PP, Gulbis B, Rodeck CH, Jauniaux E (2003) Perinatal outcome in fetuses with megacystis in the first half of pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 23:340\u2013344","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"6905_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000142136.17222.07","volume":"172","author":"M Maizels","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maizels M, Alpert SA, Houston JT, Sabbagha RE, Parilla BV, MacGregor SN (2004) Fetal bladder sagittal length: a simple monitor to assess normal and enlarged fetal bladder size, and forecast clinical outcome. J Urol 172:1995\u20131999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6905_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1952","volume":"26","author":"R Maymon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maymon R, Ben-Ami I, Vaknin Z, Reish O, Herman A (2005) Is there an increased rate of megacystis in twins? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:197\u2013199","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05578.x","volume":"81","author":"J Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee J, Kimber C, Shakleton PO, Cheng W (2011) Prognostic factors of severe foetal megacystis. ANZ J Surg 81:552\u2013555","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"6905_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2017-0351","volume":"46","author":"A Iuculano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iuculano A, Peddes C, Monni G (2018) Early fetal megacystis: is it possible to predict the prognosis in the first trimester? J Perinat Med 46:1035\u20131039","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"6905_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002637","volume":"131","author":"M Moxey-Mims","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moxey-Mims M, Raju TNK (2018) Anhydramnios in the setting of renal malformations: the national institutes of health workshop summary. Obstet Gynecol 131:1069\u20131079","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18990","volume":"52","author":"F Fontanella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fontanella F, Duin LK, Adama van Scheltema PN, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Pajkrt E, Bekker M, Willekes C, Bax CJ, Gracchi V, Oepkes D, Bilardo CM (2018) Prenatal diagnosis of LUTO: improving diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 52:739\u2013743","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19182","volume":"53","author":"F Fontanella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fontanella F, Maggio L, Verheij JB, Duin LK, VanScheltema PN, Cohen-Overbeek TA, Pajkrt E, Bekker M, Willekes C, Bax CJ, Gracchi V, Oepkes D, Bilardo CM (2019) Fetal megacystic: a lot more than LUTO. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:779\u2013787","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19172","volume":"53","author":"F Fontanella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fontanella F, Van Schltema PNA, Duin L, Cohen-Oberbeek TE, Pajkrt E, Bekker MN, Willekes C, Oepkes D, Bilardo CM (2019) Antenatal staging of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 53:520\u2013524","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1555704","author":"G Saccone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saccone G, D\u2019Alessandro P, Escolino M, Esposito R, Arduino B, Vitigliano A, Quist-Nelson J, Berghella V, Espositio C, Zullo F (2020) Antenatal intervention for congenital fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mat Fetal Neonat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2018.1555704","journal-title":"J Mat Fetal Neonat Med"},{"key":"6905_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/cells4020112","volume":"2","author":"M Krause","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krause M, Rak-Raszewska A, Pietil\u00e4 I, Quaggin SE, Vainio S (2015) Signaling durch kidney development. Cells 2:112\u2013132","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6905_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80094-3","volume":"18","author":"MR Harrison","year":"1983","unstructured":"Harrison MR, Ross N, Noall R, de Lorimier AA (1983) Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in uteri. I. The mode: fetal urethral obstruction produces hydronephrosis and pulmonary hypoplasia in fetal lambs. J Pediatr Surg 18:247\u2013256","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6905_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4850","volume":"36","author":"MP Kurtz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurtz MP, Koh CJ, Jamail GA, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Shamshirsaz AA, Espinoza J, Cass DL, Olutoye OO, Olutoye OA, Braun MC, Roth DR, Belfort MA, Ruano R (2016) Factors associated with fetal shunt dislodgment in lower urinary tract obstruction. Prenat Diagn 36:720\u2013725","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"6905_CR50","first-page":"338","volume":"21","author":"AW Liao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liao AW, Sebire NJ, Geerts L, Cicero S, Nicolaides KH (2003) Megacystis at 10\u201314 weeks of gestation: chromosomal defects and outcome according to bladder length. UOG 21:338\u2013341","journal-title":"UOG"},{"key":"6905_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8963","volume":"37","author":"R Ruano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruano R, Yoshisaki CT, Salustiano EMA, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M (2011) Early fetal cystoscopy for first-trimester severe megacystis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:696\u2013710","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.3877","volume":"32","author":"H Al-Hazmi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Hazmi H, Dreux S, Delezoide AL, Dommergues M, Lortat J, Oury JFB, El-Ghoneimi A, Muller F (2012) Outcome of prenatally detected bilateral higher urinary tract obstruction or megacystis: sex-related study on a series of 709 cases. Prenat Diagn 32:649\u2013654","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"6905_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6413","volume":"34","author":"LS Bernardes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bernardes LS, Aksnes G, Saada J, Masse V, Elie C, Dumez Y, Lortat-Jacob SL, Benachi A (2009) Keyhole sigh: how specific is it for the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:419\u2013423","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6905_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.6.833","volume":"30","author":"NG Osborne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Osborne NG, Bonilla-Musoles F, Machade LE, Raga F, Bonilla F, Ruiz F, Perez Guardia CM, Ahluwalia B (2011) Fetal megacystis differential diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med 30:833\u2013841","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1704434741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06905-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}