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The test panel included a range of potential urogenital pathogens, STIs, \u2018favourable bacteria\u2019 (\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.) and \u2018unfavourable bacteria\u2019 (anaerobes) reported to influence implantation rates. We tested couples attending Fertility Associates, Christchurch, New Zealand for their first round of IVF.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that some microbial species affected implantation. The qPCR result was interpreted qualitatively using the Z proportionality test. Samples from women at the time of Embryo Transfer who did not achieve implantation had significantly higher percent of samples that were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella bivia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared to women who did achieve implantation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results provide evidence that most other microbial species chosen for testing had little functional effect on implantation rates. The addition of further microbial targets (yet to be determined) could be combined in this predictive test for vaginal preparedness on the day of embryo transfer. This methodology has a substantial advantage of being affordable and easily performed in any routine molecular laboratory. This methodology is most suitable as a foundation on which to develop a timely test of microbiome profiling. Using the indicators detected to have a significant influence, these results can be extrapolated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a rapid antigen test,  a woman can self-sample prior to embryo transfer and\u00a0obtain an indication of microbial species present which could influence\u00a0implantation outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-06987-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T17:48:15Z","timestamp":1679852895000},"page":"1957-1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A pilot study using unique targeted testing of the urogenital microbiome has potential as a predictive test during IVF for implantation outcome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria E.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishakha","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wakeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Slatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna P.","family":"Ponnampalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor P.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makhdoom","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6987_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hozo17","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoz017","volume":"2019","author":"N Gleicher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gleicher N, Kushnir VA, Barad DH (2019) Worldwide decline of IVF birth rates and its probable causes. 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