{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T05:11:52Z","timestamp":1777093912903,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In order to spread competence in vaginal breech deliveries, it is necessary to develop new and easily applicable tools for birth progression and safety evaluation. Ultrasound is a useful and ubiquitously available tool with already documented value for birth progression observation. In deliveries out of breech presentation, an established ultrasound examination is missing. We determined the descent of the fetal buttocks in relation to the maternal pelvic inlet using intrapartum ultrasound. We evaluated these results in comparison to the clinical vaginal examination with the aim to establish an easily applicable method for birth outcome prediction. Therefore, we analyzed the predictive value of our examinations on birth outcome parameters, such as cesarean section rate, as well as fetal and maternal outcome parameters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a prospective blinded study on 106 mothers with vaginally intended breech delivery. At beginning of stage two in labor, the descent of the fetal buttocks into the mother\u2019s pelvic inlet was detected with transabdominal ultrasound and vaginal examination by different observers. Primary outcome variable: Cesarean section rate. Secondary outcome variables: rate of manual assistance in vaginal deliveries, birth duration, 5\u2032 APGAR score, umbilical arterial pH, maternal blood loss, and perineal injury. For non-parametric values, Wilcoxon\u2019s <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was performed. In order to analyze the predictive value of our examination, lack-of-fit analysis was conducted. Reliability evaluation of the sonographic examination was done with a matched-pair analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Women with positive intrapartum ultrasound breech engagement sign (+\u2009IPUBES) had a significantly lower rate of cesarean section in comparison with those with negative IPUBES (5\/67; 7.5% vs. 18\/39; 46.2%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of CS for negative IPUBES was 0.765 with a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 74.7%. Sonographic examination showed an excellent reliability in a matched-pair analysis comparing vaginal and sonographic examinations with a mean difference of 0.012 (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.027, 95% CI \u2212\u00a00.014 to 0.065). Mean birth duration was significantly longer in deliveries with negative IPUBES (533\u00a0min vs. 440\u00a0min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0011). Fetal and maternal outcome parameters were not significantly different between deliveries with positive and negative IPUBES.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sonographic evaluation of the fetal descent in relation to the mother\u2019s pelvic inlet screens reliably for emergency cesarean section. This newly presented method for birth progression observation might be a powerful tool for distribution of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and is able to give reference for clinical vaginal examination by obstetricians in training.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trail registry<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical trial. Date of registration: 13.03.2019; Date of initial participant enrollment: 20.03.2019; DRKS00016885; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\">https:\/\/www.drks.de<\/jats:ext-link>; German clinical trials register.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T09:02:57Z","timestamp":1679648577000},"page":"1333-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sonographic examination at the beginning of the second stage of labor predicts birth outcome in vaginally intended breech deliveries: a blinded prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6919-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Jennewein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Heemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira Catharina","family":"Hoock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Elisabeth","family":"Hentrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Eichbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Feidicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Louwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7011_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00248.x","volume":"84","author":"J Uotila","year":"2005","unstructured":"Uotila J, Tuimala R, Kirkinen P (2005) Good perinatal outcome in selective vaginal breech delivery at term. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 84:578\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00248.x","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"7011_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.817","volume":"194","author":"F Goffinet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goffinet F, Carayol M, Foidart J-M, Alexander S, Uzan S, Subtil D et al (2006) Is planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term still an option? Results of an observational prospective survey in France and Belgium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:1002\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.817","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/IJGO.14003","author":"M Casteels","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casteels M, Podevyn K, Vanoverschelde H, Louwen F (2021) Implementation of a breech program in a Belgian obstetric team. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/IJGO.14003","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"7011_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12165","volume":"120","author":"S O\u2019Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill S, Khashan A, Kenny L, Greene R, Henriksen T, Lutomski J et al (2013) Caesarean section and subsequent ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 120:671\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12165","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7011_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054588","volume":"8","author":"SM O\u2019Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill SM, Kearney PM, Kenny LC, Khashan AS, Henriksen TB, Lutomski JE et al (2013) Caesarean delivery and subsequent stillbirth or miscarriage: systematic review and meta-analysis. Middleton P, editor. PLoS ONE 8:e54588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0054588","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7011_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13509","volume":"123","author":"JP Souza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Souza JP, Betran AP, Dumont A, de Mucio B, Gibbs Pickens CM, Deneux-Tharaux C et al (2016) A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study. BJOG 123:427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.13509","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"7011_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det130","volume":"28","author":"I Gurol-Urganci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gurol-Urganci I, Bou-Antoun S, Lim CP, Cromwell DA, Mahmood TA, Templeton A et al (2013) Impact of caesarean section on subsequent fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 28:1943\u20131952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det130","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"7011_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","volume":"15","author":"OE Keag","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ (2018) Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Myers JE, editor. PLOS Med 15:e1002494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"7011_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.002","volume":"107","author":"A Kotaska","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kotaska A, Menticoglou S, Gagnon R, Farine D, Basso M, Bos H et al (2009) SOGC clinical practice guideline: vaginal delivery of breech presentation: no. 226, June 2009. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 107:169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.002","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"7011_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14465","volume":"124","author":"LWM Impey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Impey LWM, Murphy DJGM (2017) Management of breech presentation: green-top guideline No. 20b. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 124:e151\u2013e177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14465","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7011_CR11","unstructured":"ACOG. Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery\u2014ACOG. 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications\/Committee-Opinions\/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice\/Mode-of-Term-Singleton-Breech-Delivery?IsMobileSet=false. Accessed 26 Oct 2019"},{"key":"7011_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.04.030","volume":"252","author":"B Paul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul B, M\u00f6llmann CJ, Kielland-Kaisen U, Schulze S, Schaarschmidt W, Bock N et al (2019) Maternal and neonatal outcome after vaginal breech delivery at term after cesarean section\u2014a prospective cohort study of the Frankfurt breech at term cohort (FRABAT). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 252:594","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"7011_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202760","volume":"13","author":"L Jennewein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jennewein L, Kielland-Kaisen U, Paul B, M\u00f6llmann CJ, Klemt A-S, Schulze S et al (2018) Maternal and neonatal outcome after vaginal breech delivery at term of children weighing more or less than 3.8 kg: a FRABAT prospective cohort study Simeoni U, editor. PLoS ONE 13:e0202760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202760","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7011_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.03.053","volume":"252","author":"CJ M\u00f6llmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00f6llmann CJ, Kielland-Kaisen U, Paul B, Schulze S, Louwen F, Jennewein L et al (2019) Vaginal breech delivery of pregnancy before and after the estimated due date\u2014a FRABAT prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 252:588","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"7011_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12033","volume":"136","author":"F Louwen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Louwen F, Daviss BA, Johnson KC, Reitter A (2017) Does breech delivery in an upright position instead of on the back improve outcomes and avoid cesareans? Int J Gynecol Obstet 136:151\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12033","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"7011_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.04.029","volume":"252","author":"U Kielland-Kaisen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kielland-Kaisen U, Jennewein L, Paul B, M\u00f6llmann CJ, Klemt A-S, Schaarschmidt W et al (2019) Maternal and neonatal outcome after vaginal breech delivery of nulliparous versus multiparous women of singletons at term\u2014a prospective evaluation of the Frankfurt breech at term cohort (FRABAT). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 252:583","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"7011_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225546","volume":"14","author":"L Jennewein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jennewein L, Allert R, M\u00f6llmann CJ, Paul B, Kielland-Kaisen U, Raimann FJ et al (2019) The influence of the fetal leg position on the outcome in vaginally intended deliveries out of breech presentation at term\u2014a FRABAT prospective cohort study. Mastrolia SA, editor. PLoS ONE 14:e0225546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0225546","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7011_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM10102117","volume":"10","author":"L Jennewein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jennewein L, Brueggmann D, Fischer K, Raimann F, Pfeifenberger H, Agel L et al (2021) Learning breech birth in an upright position is influenced by preexisting experience-a FRABAT prospective cohort study. J Clin Med 10:2117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM10102117","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7011_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/JMF.12.3.172.177","volume":"12","author":"S Akmal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akmal S, Tsoi E, Kametas N, Howard R, Nicolaides KH (2002) Intrapartum sonography to determine fetal head position. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 12:172\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/JMF.12.3.172.177","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"7011_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.103","volume":"21","author":"S Akmal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akmal S, Kametas N, Tsoi E, Hargreaves C, Nicolaides KH (2003) Comparison of transvaginal digital examination with intrapartum sonography to determine fetal head position before instrumental delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:437\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/UOG.103","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.102","volume":"21","author":"DM Sherer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherer DM, Abulafia O (2003) Intrapartum assessment of fetal head engagement: comparison between transvaginal digital and transabdominal ultrasound determinations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:430\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/UOG.102","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2016.02.020","volume":"215","author":"T Ghi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghi T, Bellussi F, Azzarone C, Krsmanovic J, Franchi L, Youssef A et al (2016) The \u201cocciput-spine angle\u201d: a new sonographic index of fetal head deflexion during the first stage of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215:84.e1-84.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJOG.2016.02.020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/AOGS.12454","volume":"93","author":"A Youssef","year":"2014","unstructured":"Youssef A, Maroni E, Cariello L, Bellussi F, Montaguti E, Salsi G et al (2014) Fetal head-symphysis distance and mode of delivery in the second stage of labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93:1011\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/AOGS.12454","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"7011_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOGOH.2018.05.003","volume":"47","author":"S Desurmont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desurmont S, de l\u2019Aulnoit AH, Brabant G, de l\u2019Aulnoit DH (2018) Assessment of fetal head engagement with transperineal ultrasound: searching for the cutoff level. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 47:317\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JOGOH.2018.05.003","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"7011_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.13324","volume":"44","author":"T Ghi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghi T, Maroni E, Youssef A, Morselli-Labate AM, Paccapelo A, Montaguti E et al (2014) Sonographic pattern of fetal head descent: relationship with duration of active second stage of labor and occiput position at delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44:82\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/UOG.13324","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2022.11.1294","author":"SM Skinner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skinner SM, Giles-Clark HJ, Higgins C, Mol BW, Rolnik DL (2022) Prognostic accuracy of ultrasound measures of fetal head descent to predict outcome of operative vaginal birth: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJOG.2022.11.1294","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12967","volume":"42","author":"K Nishimura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nishimura K, Yoshimura K, Kubo T, Hachisuga T (2016) Objective diagnosis of arrested labor on transperineal ultrasound. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 42:803\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.12967","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"7011_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.23649","volume":"58","author":"A Youssef","year":"2021","unstructured":"Youssef A, Brunelli E, Fiorentini M, Lenzi J, Pilu G, El-Balat A (2021) Breech progression angle: new feasible and reliable transperineal ultrasound parameter for assessment of fetal breech descent in birth canal. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 58:609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/UOG.23649","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2021.08.057","volume":"226","author":"F Bellussi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellussi F, Di Mascio D, Salsi G, Ghi T, Dall\u2019Asta A, Zullo F et al (2022) Sonographic knowledge of occiput position to decrease failed operative vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226:499\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJOG.2021.08.057","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1765","volume":"25","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Lanzarone V (2005) Measuring engagement of the fetal head: validity and reproducibility of a new ultrasound technique. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:165\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.1765","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7011_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2021.07.030","volume":"226","author":"R Kamel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamel R, Negm S, Badr I, Kahrs BH, Eggeb\u00f8 TM, Iversen JK (2022) Fetal head descent assessed by transabdominal ultrasound: a prospective observational study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226:112.e1-112.e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJOG.2021.07.030","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T15:03:55Z","timestamp":1708787035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07011-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support was received during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors report no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Goethe University Frankfurt (#355\/18).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}