{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:08:38Z","timestamp":1791922118102,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory skin disease. Today, the gold standard is a life-long topical steroid treatment. Alternative options are highly desired. We present a study protocol of a prospective, randomized, active-controlled, investigator-initiated clinical trial comparing a novel non-invasive dual Nd:YAG\/Er:YAG laser therapy with the gold standard for the management of LS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We recruited 66 patients, 44 in the laser arm and 22 in the steroid arm. Patients with a physician-administered clinical LS score\u2009\u2265\u20094 were included. Participants received either four laser treatments 1\u20132\u00a0months apart, or 6\u00a0months of topical steroid application. Follow-ups were planned at 6, 12, and 24\u00a0months. The primary outcome looks at the efficacy of the laser treatment at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes look at comparisons between baseline and follow-ups within the laser or the steroid arm, and comparisons between laser vs. steroid arm. Objective (LS score, histopathology, photo documentation) and subjective (Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire, symptom VAS score, patient satisfaction) measurements, tolerability, and adverse events are evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings of this trial have the potential to offer a novel treatment option for LS. The standardized Nd:YAG\/Er:YAG laser settings and the treatment regime are presented in this paper.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical trial identification number<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NCT03926299.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07055-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T10:02:16Z","timestamp":1683280936000},"page":"643-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nd:YAG\/Er:YAG dual laser vs. topical steroid to treat vulvar lichen sclerosus: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"308","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Viereck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Gamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7077-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrid","family":"Regauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Walser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Zivanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"7055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)08228-2","volume":"353","author":"JJ Powell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Powell JJ, Wojnarowska F (1999) Lichen sclerosus. 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