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We compared a cohort of pregnant patients who smoked HTP (HS), with pregnant women smoking cigarettes (CS), ex-smoker (ES) and non-smoker (NS) pregnant women. Biochemistry, ultrasound, and neonatal evaluations were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 642 women were enrolled, of which 270 were NS, 114 were ES, 120 were CS, and 138 were HS. CS had the greatest weight gain and had more difficulty getting pregnant. Smokers and ES experienced more frequently threats of preterm labor, miscarriages, temporary hypertensive spikes, and higher rates of cesarean sections. Preterm delivery was more associated with CS and HS groups. CS and HS had lower awareness of the risks to which the mother and the fetus are exposed. CS were more likely to be depressed and anxious. Biochemical parameters did not show significant differences between the groups. CS had the greatest difference in days between the gestational age calculated based on the last menstrual period and the one based on the actual ultrasound age. The average percentile newborn weight range of CS was lower, as well as the mean 1st minute and the 5th minute Apgar scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The comparison of the data obtained between CS and HS underlines the greater danger of C. Nevertheless, we do not recommend HTP because the maternal\u2013fetal outcomes are not superimposable to the NS outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07101-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T09:01:53Z","timestamp":1687338113000},"page":"1981-1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of cigarettes and heated tobacco products during pregnancy and maternal\u2013fetal outcomes: a retrospective, monocentric study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"309","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giosu\u00e8 Giordano","family":"Incognito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.09.016","volume":"86","author":"M van der Toorn","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Toorn M, Frentzel S, De Leon H, Goedertier D, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J (2015) Aerosol from a candidate modified risk tobacco product has reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration compared to combustion of conventional cigarettes. 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