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At the time of admission, gestational age ranged from 18\u2009+\u20094 to 33\u2009+\u20093\u00a0weeks (+\u2009days) of pregnancy. All patients underwent urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genital\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      [\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      .)\n                      <jats:italic>urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]. Patients who were tested positive underwent a therapy with macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      37% of the patients were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., whereas 5% (5 patients) were\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.-positive. All the latter were simultaneously colonised with\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients were significantly younger than those who were tested negative. Median maternal age at examination was 30\u00a0years (a) versus 31a (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). There was no difference between\n                      <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and -negative patients regarding median maternal body mass index (BMI) (kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) (23.4 versus 22.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41), cervical length at admission (mm) (15 versus 17,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.17), gestational age at examination (days, d) (198 versus 197,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.97) or gestational age at birth (d) (250 versus 257,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.33), respectively. Comparing\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients, there was some weak indication that\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients may get a shortening of the cervix earlier in pregnancy, as the median gestational age at examination was 196d versus 215d (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). Regarding\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and -negative patients, there was no difference in all examined parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, one-third of all women in our study with a shortened cervix before 34th week of pregnancy were colonised with genital\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. We were able to show that pregnant women, who were treated with antibiotics when tested positive for genital\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      , gave birth at the same gestational age as patients with a shortened cervix without detected\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This raises the question of whether routine testing and early antibiotic treatment should be established in prenatal care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07252-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:01:31Z","timestamp":1698105691000},"page":"971-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of genital Mycoplasma in pregnancies with shortened cervix"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7910-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rauh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Werle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00f6rge","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Litzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Emilia","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"K\u00f6ninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"7252_CR1","first-page":"973","volume":"79","author":"M Abele-Horn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abele-Horn M, Scholz M, Wolff C, Kolben M (2000) High-density vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization as a risk factor for chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery. 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