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It has been shown that the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway plays an important role in the process of scar formation. The present study focused on exploring whether HU-MSCs improve uterine incision healing after cesarean delivery in rats via the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to three groups, including the NP group, incision-injected group (HU-MSCs1 group), and tail vein-injected group (HU-MSCs2 group), and 30 days after cesarean section, sampling was carried out to further explore the specific mechanisms from tissue and protein levels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HU-MSCs secretion could inhibit the fibrosis of scar tissue. We observed that the TGF-\u03b2 induced expression of TGF-\u03b21, Smad2, and Smad3 was attenuated upon HU-MSCs treatment in scar tissue, while the decrease in TGF-\u03b23 expression was enhanced by HU-MSCs. Furthermore, HU-MSCs treatment accelerated wound healing and attenuated collagen deposition in a damaged uterine rat model, leading to the promoting of uterine incision scarring. In addition, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) was enhanced by HU-MSCs treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HU-MSCs transplantation promotes rat cesarean section uterine incision scar healing by modulating the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07381-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T19:01:55Z","timestamp":1707678115000},"page":"103-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve uterine incision healing after cesarean delivery in rats by modulating the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-4681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuying","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiling","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoine C, Young BK (2020) Cesarean section one hundred years 1920\u20132020: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly. 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