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Umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and their pulsatility indices (PI), resistance indices (RI) and ratios such as cerebro-placental (CPR) and umbilical cerebral ratio (UCR) were obtained twice by two sonographers in training or after completion of training, blind to each other\u2019s measurements. Bland\u2013Altman plots were generated, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated to assess intra- and interobserver reproducibility. Values were expressed as absolute values or as z-score.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred ten women were recruited. Overall reproducibility was variable for absolute values and highly variable for z-scores, independently from vessel sampled, index or ratio used, intra- or interobserver reproducibility. The widest absolute values of 95% LOA were 0.3 for UA PI, 0.7 for MCA PI, 0.9 for CPR and 0.3 for UCR, respectively. Regarding z-score, the widest 95% LOA were 1.9 for UA PI, 2.1 for CPR and 1 for UCR. Reproducibility was slightly better for intra- compared with interobserver variability. There was significant difference in z-score reproducibility between MCA peak systolic velocity and CPR vs UCR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Reference standards of reproducibility of fetal Doppler parameters are produced for standardization and quality-control purposes. Overall, the reproducibility for fetal Doppler parameters was variable independently from vessel sampled, Doppler index (PI or RI) or ratio used, intra- and interobserver comparison. UCR was the most reproducible parameter which should be recommended, together with UA PI, for clinical use and in research studies on fetal growth.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07883-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T11:27:55Z","timestamp":1737026875000},"page":"669-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reproducibility of fetal ultrasound doppler parameters used for growth assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Raghda","family":"Zidan Sweid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Donadono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Casagrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Attilakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pran","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"7883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22125","volume":"56","author":"T Stampalija","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stampalija T, Thornton J, Marlow N et al (2020) Fetal cerebral Doppler changes and outcome in late preterm fetal growth restriction: prospective cohort study. 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