{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:02:41Z","timestamp":1783008161350,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005005","name":"Ben-Gurion University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the microbiome of the vagina and fallopian tubes (FT) and its relation with hydrosalpinx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013control study was conducted in women who underwent salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx (case) or other indications (controls). Samples were obtained during surgery and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and analyses of alpha diversity and beta diversity measures were compared between sites and groups. Differential abundance of bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis was compared between cases and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine women with hydrosalpinx and 23 women without hydrosalpinx were included in the study. The mean age of studied women was 41 (range: 29\u201354) and most (89%) were premenopausal. After in silico decontamination, only 30% of control FT samples and 10% of case FT samples had evidence of bacterial presence. The vaginal microbiome of control patients showed greater abundance of lactobacilli, whereas the vaginal microbiome of case patients contained relatively more bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Atopobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A significant difference was found in alpha and beta diversity between vaginal and FT microbiomes in control patients as FT samples were more diverse. We found that women with hydrosalpinx had a more \u201cdysbiotic\u201d vaginal microbiome and in women without hydrosalpinx, microbial composition within the vagina and FT differed, possibly representing two distinct ecological environments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women undergoing salpingectomy for various reasons harbored bacteria within their FT, while women with hydrosalpinx generally did not. This suggests that even though infection may be an underlying cause of hydrosalpinx, bacteria may not be present by the time patients require surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T22:40:35Z","timestamp":1741905635000},"page":"1649-1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of the female genital tract microbiome and its association with hydrosalpinx in women undergoing salpingectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Yagel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Motro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadar","family":"Klapper-Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Moran-Gilad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi Y.","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"7944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","volume":"108","author":"J Ravel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravel J, Gajer P, Abdo Z, Schneider GM, Koenig SSK, McCulle SL et al (2011) Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(Supplement 1):4680\u20134687","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"7944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e3182a4690b","volume":"21","author":"RM Brotman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brotman RM, Shardell MD, Gajer P, Fadrosh D, Chang K, Silver M et al (2014) Association between the vaginal microbiota, menopause status and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy. Menopause N Y N 21(5):450\u2013458","journal-title":"Menopause N Y N"},{"key":"7944_CR3","unstructured":"Characterization of the Vaginal Micro- and Mycobiome in Asymptomatic Reproductive-Age Estonian Women [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 18]. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id. 10.1371\/ journal.pone.0054379"},{"issue":"4","key":"7944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1089","volume":"220","author":"S Greenbaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greenbaum S, Greenbaum G, Moran-Gilad J, Weintraub AY (2019) Ecological dynamics of the vaginal microbiome in relation to health and disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 220(4):324\u2013335","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143405","volume":"20","author":"A Peric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peric A, Weiss J, Vulliemoz N, Baud D, Stojanov M (2019) Bacterial colonization of the female upper genital tract. Int J Mol Sci 20(14):3405","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.11.028","volume":"107","author":"SM Miles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miles SM, Hardy BL, Merrell DS (2017) Investigation of the microbiota of the reproductive tract in women undergoing a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy. Fertil Steril 107(3):813-820.e1","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"7944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00901-0","volume":"8","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen C, Song X, Wei W, Zhong H, Dai J, Lan Z et al (2017) The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases. Nat Commun 8(1):875","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"30","key":"7944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21541","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25059","volume":"9","author":"ES Pelzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pelzer ES, Willner D, Buttini M, Hafner LM, Theodoropoulos C, Huygens F (2018) The fallopian tube microbiome: implications for reproductive health. Oncotarget 9(30):21541\u201321551","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"7944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38031-2","volume":"9","author":"B Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou B, Sun C, Huang J, Xia M, Guo E, Li N et al (2019) The biodiversity composition of microbiome in ovarian carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 9(1):1691","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"7944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e92c54","volume":"116","author":"DE Soper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soper DE (2010) Pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 116(2):419\u2013428","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"59","key":"7944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.011","volume":"1","author":"KYB Ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng KYB, Cheong Y (2019) Hydrosalpinx\u2014salpingostomy, salpingectomy or tubal occlusion. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1(59):41\u201347","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson N, van Voorst S, Sowter MC, Strandell A, Mol BWJ. Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2010 Jan 20 [cited 2020 Jul 18];2010(1). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7154223\/","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002125.pub3"},{"issue":"6","key":"7944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.075","volume":"215","author":"I Moreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moreno I, Codo\u00f1er FM, Vilella F, Valbuena D, Martinez-Blanch JF, Jimenez-Almaz\u00e1n J et al (2016) Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215(6):684\u2013703","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz525","author":"V Amato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amato V, Papaleo E, Pasciuta R, Vigan\u00f2 P, Ferrarese R, Clementi N et al (2020) Differential composition of vaginal microbiome, but not of seminal microbiome, is associated with successful intrauterine insemination in couples with idiopathic infertility: a prospective observational study. Open Forum Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz525","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"7944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1086\/367658","volume":"36","author":"HC Wiesenfeld","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Landers DV, Sweet RL (2003) Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis 36(5):663\u2013668","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"7944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi243","volume":"162","author":"RB Ness","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ness RB, Kip KE, Hillier SL, Soper DE, Stamm CA, Sweet RL et al (2005) A cluster analysis of bacterial vaginosis\u2013associated microflora and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Epidemiol 162(6):585\u2013590","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.005","volume":"21","author":"H Leitich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leitich H, Kiss H (2007) Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and intermediate flora as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 21(3):375\u2013390","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7944_CR18","volume-title":"Gene Expression Analysis Methods and Protocols","author":"A Naqib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naqib A, Poggi S, Wang W, Hyde M, Kunstman K, Green SJ (2018) Making and sequencing heavily multiplexed, high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon libraries using a flexible, two-stage PCR protocol. In: Raghavachari N, Garcia-Reyero N (eds) Gene Expression Analysis Methods and Protocols. Springer, NY"},{"issue":"1","key":"7944_CR19","first-page":"e00009","volume":"1","author":"W Walters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walters W, Hyde ER, Berg-Lyons D, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Parada A et al (2015) Improved bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4 and V4\u20135) and fungal internal transcribed spacer marker gene primers for microbial community surveys. mSystems 1(1):e00009-15","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"7944_CR20","unstructured":"Babraham Bioinformatics - FastQC A Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/"},{"issue":"15","key":"7944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30(15):2114\u20132120","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"7944_CR22","unstructured":"BBMap download | SourceForge.net [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 14]. Available from: https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/bbmap\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"7944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA et al (2019) Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol 37(8):852\u2013857","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"7944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00191-16","author":"A Amir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amir A, McDonald D, Navas-Molina JA, Kopylova E, Morton JT, Xu ZZ et al (2017) Deblur rapidly resolves single-nucleotide community sequence patterns. mSystems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSystems.00191-16","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"D1","key":"7944_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P et al (2013) The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res 41(D1):D590\u2013D596","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0605-2","volume":"6","author":"NM Davis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davis NM, Proctor DM, Holmes SP, Relman DA, Callahan BJ (2018) Simple statistical identification and removal of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics data. Microbiome 6(1):226","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"7944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa255","volume":"97","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu C, Cui Y, Li X, Yao M (2021) microeco: an R package for data mining in microbial community ecology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 97(2):255","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","volume":"12","author":"N Segata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett WS et al (2011) Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol 12(6):R60","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.08.103","volume":"224","author":"I Sterpu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sterpu I, Fransson E, Hugerth LW, Du J, Pereira M, Cheng L et al (2021) No evidence for a placental microbiome in human pregnancies at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 224(3):296.e1-296.e23","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"237","key":"7944_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237ra65","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599","volume":"6","author":"K Aagaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aagaard K, Ma J, Antony KM, Ganu R, Petrosino J, Versalovic J (2014) The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7944_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.11.003","volume":"27","author":"R Eisenhofer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eisenhofer R, Minich JJ, Marotz C, Cooper A, Knight R, Weyrich LS (2019) Contamination in low microbial biomass microbiome studies: issues and recommendations. Trends Microbiol 27(2):105\u2013117","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7944_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00665-0","volume":"13","author":"UM Fouda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fouda UM, Elshaer HS, Youssef MA, Darweesh FF (2020) Extended doxycycline treatment versus salpingectomy in the management of patients with hydrosalpinx undergoing IVF-ET. J Ovarian Res 13(1):69","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7944_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-15","volume":"29","author":"AB Onderdonk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Onderdonk AB, Delaney ML, Fichorova RN (2016) The human microbiome during bacterial vaginosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 29(2):223\u2013238","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:45:11Z","timestamp":1746510311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07944-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4830385\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"I, an author on this submission, have adhered to all editorial policies for submission as described in the information for authors, attested to having met all authorship criteria, and all potential conflicts of interest\/financial disclosures appear on the title page of the submission.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}