{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1791283622537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate risk factors in patients presenting with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) associated with severe blood loss (BL), surgical intervention or peripartum hysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included all patients who gave birth at the Hannover Medical School between January 2013 and August 2022 with PPH, defined as BL\u2009\u2265\u2009500\u00a0ml after vaginal delivery and\u2009\u2265\u20091000\u00a0ml after cesarean section. The threshold for severe PPH was set at BL\u2009\u2265\u20091500\u00a0ml. Operative management included manual placental removal and\/or aspiration\/curettage, need for intrauterine balloon tamponade, uterine packing with a chitosan covered gauze or compression sutures. Hysterectomy as ultima ratio was observed separately.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total 20.9% of 1038 patients with PPH developed severe BL. Several risk factors were identified such as nicotine abuse (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.57\u20137.59, p\u2009=\u20090.002), multiparity (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.10\u20134.10, p\u2009=\u20090.03), uterine malformation (aOR 5.09, 95% CI 1.22\u201321.16, p\u2009=\u20090.03), c-section (aOR 3.92, 95% CI 2.59\u20135.92, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), placenta praevia (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.2\u20136.63, p\u2009=\u20090.02), abnormal placentation (aOR 9.76, 95% CI 4.22\u201322.56, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and inversion of the uterus (aOR 16.89, 95% CI 1.62\u2013176.12, p\u2009=\u20090.02). More than one third of the women had a surgical intervention. Independent risk factors for an operative management of PPH were uterus malformation (aOR 5.04, 95% CI 1.22\u201320.91, p\u2009=\u20090.03), placenta praevia (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.23\u20136.53, p\u2009=\u20090.01), abnormal placentation (aOR 9.78, 95% CI 4.30\u201322.27, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and c-section (aOR 4.65, 95% CI 3.14\u20136.89, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Peripartum hysterectomy occurred in 1.9% of the cases and was in addition independently associated wih preeclampsia (aOR 7.50, 95% CI 1.29\u201343.81, p\u2009=\u20090.03) and amniotic infection syndrome (aOR 12.22, 95% CI 1.92\u201377.90, p\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PPH is a common complication in modern obstetrics and one in five patients with pathological bleeding after birth develops severe BL. There are specific risk factors associated with a BL\u2009\u2265\u20091500\u00a0ml, surgical intervention and peripartum hysterectomy in PPH that should be assessed by health professionals and taken into account in the management of this postpartum complication.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T19:35:42Z","timestamp":1739302542000},"page":"167-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Postpartum hemorrhage: risk factors for severe blood loss, surgical intervention and peripartum hysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Barth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Klapdor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Brodowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hillemanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"von Kaisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"D\u00fctemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","volume":"2","author":"L Say","year":"2014","unstructured":"Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tun\u00e7alp \u00d6, Moller AB, Daniels J, G\u00fclmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L (2014) Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2(6):e323\u2013e333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"10053","key":"7969_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","volume":"388","author":"GBD DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2015","unstructured":"GBD DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2015) Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388(10053):1603\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7969_CR3","volume-title":"WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012) WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"7969_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-55","volume":"9","author":"M Knight","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knight M, Callaghan WM, Berg C, Alexander S, Bouvier-Colle MH, Ford JB, Joseph KS, Lewis G, Liston RM, Roberts CL, Oats J, Walker J (2009) Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 9:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-55","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"7969_CR5","unstructured":"Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (2022) Peripartal haemorrhage, diagnosis and therapy. AWMF online. http:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/015-063.html. Accessed 20 Sep 2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"7969_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12550","volume":"54","author":"R Abdul-Kadir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdul-Kadir R, McLintock C, Ducloy AS, El-Refaey H, England A, Federici AB, Grotegut CA, Halimeh S, Herman JH, Hofer S, James AH, Kouides PA, Paidas MJ, Peyvandi F, Winikoff R (2014) Evaluation and management of postpartum hemorrhage: consensus from an international expert panel. Transfusion 54(7):1756\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12550","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000245445.36116.c6","volume":"108","author":"MK Whiteman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whiteman MK, Kuklina E, Hillis SD, Jamieson DJ, Meikle SF, Posner SF, Marchbanks PA (2006) Incidence and determinants of peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 108(6):1486\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AOG.0000245445.36116.c6","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7969_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02309.x","volume":"54","author":"J Ahonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahonen J, Stefanovic V, Lassila R (2010) Management of post-partum haemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 54(10):1164\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02309.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"7969_CR9","volume-title":"Die Geburtshilfe. Springer Reference Medizin","author":"D Schlembach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schlembach D, M\u00f6rtl M, Brezinka C, Henrich W (2023) Pathologie der Plazentarperiode: Antepartuale und Peripartuale H\u00e4morrhagie. In: von Kaisenberg C, Klaritsch P, H\u00f6sli-Krais I (eds) Die Geburtshilfe. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182941c78","volume":"122","author":"AJ Dilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dilla AJ, Waters JH, Yazer MH (2013) Clinical validation of risk stratification criteria for peripartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 122(1):120\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182941c78","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7969_CR11","unstructured":"Anawo Ameh C, West F (2022) FIGO generic postpartum haemorrhage protocol and care pathways. FIGO. https:\/\/www.figo.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-04\/FIGO%20generic%20protocols%20PPH%20%20April%202022.pdf. Accesed 4 Aug 2024"},{"key":"7969_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14178","volume":"124","author":"E Mavrides","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mavrides E, Allard S, Chandraharan E, Collins P, Green L, Hunt BJ, Riris S, Thomson AJ (2016) Prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 124:e106\u2013e149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14178","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"7969_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002351","volume":"130","author":"Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics","year":"2017","unstructured":"Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics et al (2017) Practice bulletin no. 183: postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 130(4):e168\u2013e186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002351","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7969_CR14","unstructured":"WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division (2019) Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017.Geneva, Switzerland https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/ar\/793971568908763231\/pdf\/Trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2017-Estimates-by-WHO-UNICEF-UNFPA-World-Bank-Group-and-the-United-Nations-Population-Division.pdf. Accessed 1 July 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03818-1","volume":"21","author":"CN Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu CN, Yu FB, Xu YZ, Li JS, Guan ZH, Sun MN, Liu CA, He F, Chen DJ (2021) Prevalence and risk factors of severe postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21(1):332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03818-1","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053381882","volume":"11","author":"FW Bouwmeester","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bouwmeester FW, Bolte AC, van Geijn HP (2005) Pharmacological and surgical therapy for primary postpartum hemorrhage. Curr Pharm Des 11(6):759\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612053381882","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"7969_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.013","volume":"219","author":"A Borovac-Pinheiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borovac-Pinheiro A, Pacagnella RC, Cecatti JG, Miller S, El Ayadi AM, Souza JP, Durocher J, Blumenthal PD, Winikoff B (2018) Postpartum hemorrhage: new insights for definition and diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 219(2):162\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7969_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03198.x","volume":"119","author":"JE Lutomski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lutomski JE, Byrne BM, Devane D, Greene RA (2012) Increasing trends in atonic postpartum haemorrhage in Ireland: an 11-year population-based cohort study. BJOG 119(3):306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03198.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"7969_CR19","unstructured":"Winter C, Crofts J, Draycott T, Muchatuta N (2017) PROMPT practical obstetric multi-professional training. 3rd edition ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/assets.cambridge.org\/97811084\/30296\/frontmatter\/9781108430296_frontmatter.pdf. Accessed 14 Jan 2025"},{"issue":"7","key":"7969_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15654","volume":"49","author":"CR Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang CR, Xue B, Gao Y, Yue SW, Redding SR, Wang R, Ouyang YQ (2023) Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 49(7):1663\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.15654","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"7969_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004228","volume":"1","author":"HB Ende","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ende HB, Lozada MJ, Chestnut DH, Osmundson SS, Walden RL, Shotwell MS, Bauchat JR (2021) Risk factors for atonic postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1:305\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004228","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7969_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.011","volume":"202","author":"WM Callaghan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Callaghan WM, Kuklina EV, Berg CJ (2010) Trends in postpartum hemorrhage: United States, 1994\u20132006. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202(4):353.e1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7969_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.007","volume":"209","author":"MS Kramer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kramer MS, Berg C, Abenhaim H, Dahhou M, Rouleau J, Mehrabadi A, Joseph KS (2013) Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends in severe postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 209(5):449.e1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"7969_CR24","unstructured":"Bingham D, Melsop K, Main E (2010) CMQCC obstetric hemorrhage hospital level implementation guide. The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC). Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. https:\/\/pqcnc-documents.s3.amazonaws.com\/aim\/aimexpert\/PQCNCOBHCMQCCObstetricHemorrhageImplementationGuide2010.pdf. Accessed 5 Dec 2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"7969_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.12.003","volume":"33","author":"ST Bauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bauer ST, Bonanno C (2009) Abnormal placentation. Semin Perinatol 33(2):88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.12.003","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"7969_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023) A Roadmap to combat postpartum haemorrhage between 2023 and 2030. Geneva. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/373221\/9789240081802-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 15 Jan 2025"},{"issue":"23","key":"7969_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7387","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237387","volume":"13","author":"G Aimagambetova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aimagambetova G, Bapayeva G, Sakhipova G, Terzic M (2024) Management of postpartum hemorrhage in low- and middle-income countries: emergency need for updated approach due to specific circumstances, resources, and availabilities. J Clin Med 13(23):7387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13237387","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"7969_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13892","volume":"99","author":"AF Kallianidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kallianidis AF, Maraschini A, Danis J, Colmorn LB, Deneux-Tharaux C, Donati S, Gissler M, Jakobsson M, Knight M, Kristufkova A, Lindqvist PG, Vandenberghe G, Van Den Akker T, INOSS (the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems) (2020) Epidemiological analysis of peripartum hysterectomy across nine European countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 99(10):1364\u20131373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13892","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"7969_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102475","volume":"94","author":"AJ Nieto-Calvache","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nieto-Calvache AJ, Palacios-Jaraquemada JM, Hussein AM, Jauniaux E, MilaniCoutinho C, Rijken M (2024) Management of placenta accreta spectrum in low- and middle-income countries. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 94:102475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102475","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7969_CR30","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023) WHO recommendations on the assessment of postpartum blood loss and use of a treatment bundle for postpartum haemorrhage. National Library of Medicine. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK598981\/. Accessed 20 Apr 2024"},{"issue":"17","key":"7969_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1513247","volume":"384","author":"JL Bienstock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bienstock JL, Eke AC, Hueppchen NA (2021) Postpartum hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 384(17):1635\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1513247","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"379","key":"7969_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070621","volume":"16","author":"C Diguisto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diguisto C, Saucedo M, Kallianidis A, Bloemenkamp K, B\u00f8dker B, Buoncristiano M, Donati S, Gissler M, Johansen M, Knight M, Korbel M, Kristufkova A, Nyflot LT, Deneux-Tharaux C (2022) Maternal mortality in eight European countries with enhanced surveillance systems: descriptive population based study. BMJ 16(379):e070621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2022-070621","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.04.038","volume":"131","author":"K Roloff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roloff K, Peng S, Sanchez-Ramos L, Valenzuela GJ (2015) Cumulative oxytocin dose during induction of labor according to maternal body mass index. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 131(1):54\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.04.038","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"7","key":"7969_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15322","volume":"76","author":"E Peska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peska E, Balki M, Maxwell C, Ye XY, Downey K, Carvalho JCA (2021) Oxytocin at elective caesarean delivery: a dose-finding study in women with obesity. Anaesthesia 76(7):918\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15322","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"7","key":"7969_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01615-6","volume":"67","author":"AM Luca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luca AM, Carvalho JCA, Ramachandran N, Balki M (2020) The effect of morbid obesity or advanced maternal age on oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions: an in vitro study. Can J Anaesth 67(7):836\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-020-01615-6","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718574","volume":"39","author":"A Polic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polic A, Curry TL, Louis JM (2022) The impact of obesity on the management and outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Perinatol 39(6):652\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1718574","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"7969_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.12.018","volume":"258","author":"L Thies-Lagergren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thies-Lagergren L, Kvist LJ, Gottvall K, Jangsten E (2021) A Swedish register-based study exploring primary postpartum hemorrhage in 405 936 full term vaginal births between 2005 and 2015. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 258:184\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.12.018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7969_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12543","volume":"48","author":"HL Graugaard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graugaard HL, Maimburg RD (2021) Is the increase in postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth because of altered clinical practice?: A register-based cohort study. Birth 48(3):338\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12543","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"7969_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2013.037","volume":"36","author":"C Lucas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lucas C, Martin J (2013) Smoking and drug interactions. Aust Prescr 36:102\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18773\/austprescr.2013.037","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"2","key":"7969_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000028270","volume":"58","author":"BV Rama Sastry","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rama Sastry BV, Hemontolor ME, Olenick M (1999) Prostaglandin E2 in human placenta: its vascular effects and activation of prostaglandin E2 formation by nicotine and cotinine. Pharmacology 58(2):70\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000028270","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"7969_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01859.x","volume":"115","author":"I Al-Zirqi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Zirqi I, Vangen S, Forsen L, Stray-Pedersen B (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of severe obstetric haemorrhage. BJOG 115(10):1265\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01859.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-02971-3","volume":"20","author":"SF Bell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bell SF, Watkins A, John M, Macgillivray E, Kitchen TL, James D, Scarr C, Bailey CM, Kelly KP, James K, Stevens JL, Edey T, Collis RE, Collins PW (2020) Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage defined by quantitative blood loss measurement: a national cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20(1):271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-02971-3","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.039","volume":"213","author":"EM Coviello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coviello EM, Grantz KL, Huang CC, Kelly TE, Landy HJ (2015) Risk factors for retained placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213(6):864.e1-864.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.039","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14800","volume":"163","author":"G Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen G, Kovo M, Biron-Shental T, Markovitch O, Daykan Y, Schreiber H (2023) Risk factors for retained placenta in a first pregnancy\u2014a clinical trial. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 163(1):194\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.14800","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"8","key":"7969_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000271137.81361.93","volume":"62","author":"SK Doumouchtsis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doumouchtsis SK, Papageorghiou AT, Arulkumaran S (2007) Systematic review of conservative management of postpartum hemorrhage: what to do when medical treatment fails. Obstet Gynecol Surv 62(8):540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ogx.0000271137.81361.93","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07824-4","volume":"310","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Sha Y, Yang X, Yan X, Yang L, Li J, Tang Y, Yu J (2024) Intrauterine balloon tamponing combined with mid-section loop ligation for postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 310(6):2991\u20132998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-024-07824-4","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"7","key":"7969_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14358","volume":"101","author":"S Pettersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pettersen S, Falk RS, Vangen S, Nyfl\u00f8t LT (2022) Peripartum hysterectomy due to severe postpartum hemorrhage: a hospital-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 101(7):819\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.14358","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3790-2","volume":"292","author":"CZ de la Cruz","year":"2015","unstructured":"de la Cruz CZ, Thompson EL, O\u2019Rourke K, Nembhard WN (2015) Cesarean section and the risk of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in high-income countries: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 292(6):1201\u20131215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-015-3790-2","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-07276-2","volume":"310","author":"G Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma G, Yang Y, Fu Q (2024) The incidence, indications, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of peripartum hysterectomy at a tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2022. Arch Gynecol Obstet 310(1):145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-023-07276-2","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1522-1","volume":"283","author":"HM Al Kadri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al Kadri HM, Al Anazi BK, Tamim HM (2011) Visual estimation versus gravimetric measurement of postpartum blood loss: a prospective cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 283(6):1207\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-010-1522-1","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7969_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1274302","volume":"31","author":"M Natrella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Natrella M, Di Naro E, Loverro M, Benshalom-Tirosh N, Trojano G, Tirosh D, Besser L, Loverro MT, Mastrolia SA (2018) The more you lose the more you miss: accuracy of postpartum blood loss visual estimation. A systematic review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 31(1):106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2016.1274302","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7969_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000137873.07820.34","volume":"104","author":"GA Dildy 3rd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dildy GA 3rd, Paine AR, George NC, Velasco C (2004) Estimating blood loss: can teaching significantly improve visual estimation? Obstet Gynecol 104(3):601\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AOG.0000137873.07820.34","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7969_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00800.x","volume":"113","author":"T Draycott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Draycott T, Sibanda T, Owen L, Akande V, Winter C, Reading S, Whitelaw A (2006) Does training in obstetric emergencies improve neonatal outcome? BJOG 113(2):177\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00800.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"13","key":"7969_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12767","volume":"121","author":"M Shoushtarian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shoushtarian M, Barnett M, McMahon F, Ferris J (2014) Impact of introducing practical obstetric multi-professional training (PROMPT) into maternity units in Victoria, Australia. BJOG 121(13):1710\u20131718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12767","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"7969_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0653-6","volume":"15","author":"A Hancock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hancock A, Weeks AD, Lavender DT (2015) Is accurate and reliable blood loss estimation the \u2018crucial step\u2019 in early detection of postpartum haemorrhage: an integrative review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-015-0653-6","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"7969_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003564","volume":"134","author":"Acog committee opinion, Number 794","year":"2019","unstructured":"Acog committee opinion, Number 794 (2019) Quantitative Blood Loss in Obstetric Hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 134(6):e150\u2013e156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003564","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7969_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010980","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010980.pub2","volume":"9","author":"V Diaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diaz V, Abalos E, Carroli G (2018) Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9(9):CD010980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010980.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:12:00Z","timestamp":1750227120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-025-07969-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}