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Of 7588 patients, four sonographers re-evaluated 3D-TVS images of 72 initially diagnosed cases. Uterine morphology was assessed in the coronal plane by measuring fundal cavity width (R0), corpus-isthmic cavity width (Wi), lateral indentation angle (AI), lateral bulging (LB), T-angle (AT), fundal\/isthmic cavity width ratio (R0\/Wi), and the length of intracavitary line parallel to interostial line (R10). All cases were confirmed by hysteroscopy, excluding ambiguous findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 72 initially evaluated patients, 50 met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. These patients had consistent 3D-TVS diagnoses from four sonographers and hysteroscopic confirmation from two experts. The combination of three CUME criteria (AT\u2009\u2264\u200940\u00b0, AI\u2009\u2264\u2009130\u00b0, LB\u2009\u2265\u20097\u00a0mm) identified only 8% of T-shaped uteri. Notably, 30 patients (60%) had an R10 measurement of\u2009\u2264\u200910\u00a0mm. In addition, 31 uteri (62%) met all three criteria: LB\u2009\u2265\u20095\u00a0mm, AI\u2009\u2264\u2009140\u00b0, and R0\/Wi\u2009\u2265\u20095. Overall, 48 uteri (96%) satisfied at least two criteria. The study concluded that LB, R10, and R0\/Wi are independent predictors of T-shaped uterus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant discrepancies exist among current classifications for diagnosing T-shaped uterus. This study identified LB, R10, and R0\/Wi as key parameters for accurate diagnosis. These measurements provide a precise and objective approach, aiding in the evaluation of the anomaly's impact on reproductive outcomes and the benefits of hysteroscopic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07986-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T19:28:14Z","timestamp":1742671694000},"page":"1657-1666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["T-shaped dysmorphic uterus: discrepancies between current 3D-ultrasound diagnostic criteria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Nocita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Selntigia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Farsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Reppuccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunella","family":"Zizolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attilio","family":"Di Spiezio Sardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Exacoustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr028","volume":"17","author":"YY Chan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Zamora J, Thornton JG, Raine-Fenning N, Coomarasamy A (2011) The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations: a systematic review. 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The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional review board approval was obtained (No.143\/19) and informed consent to data utilization was signed by all patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}