{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:26:49Z","timestamp":1780363609776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012940","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Virtual reality (VR) based technology may offer new avenues in the management of chronic endometriosis-related pain. Our prospective, 14-week, open, three-phase, cross-over pilot study investigated whether the use of VR technology equipped with a relaxation-inducing application (VR-R) or an activity-stimulating application (VR-A) could change endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain levels and impairment of daily life.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>23 women aged 32.7 (SD 8.2) with endometriosis-related pelvic pain were each assigned to a permutated sequence of three 4-week phases: (A) the VR-R, (B) VR-A, and (C) intervention-free control phases. Phases were separated by two interspersed 1-week washout phases. Main outcome measures included: momentary, average, and maximum pain intensities on a 0\u201310 numerical rating scale (NRS); the Pain Disability Index (PDI) score; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) score; sleep quality (Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS) score); the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) score; and the general health-related quality-of-life score (Short Form (12) Health Survey (SF-12)).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared to baseline, VR-R use showed statistically significant positive effects for several scores (NRS \u201caverage pain\u201d; PDI \u201ctotal score\u201d; PCS \u201ctotal score\u201d and the \u201cmagnification\u201d, \u201crumination\u201d, and \u201chelplessness\u201d subscores; MOSS-SS \u201cindex I and II\u201d; and the DASS \u201cdepression\u201d and \u201cstress\u201d subscores), whereas VR-A yielded significant positive changes only for PDI \u201ctotal score\u201d; PCS \u201ctotal score\u201d and the \u201chelplessness\u201d and \u201cmagnification\u201d subscores; MOSS-SS \u201cindex II\u201d; and DASS \u201cdepression\u201d and \u201cstress\u201d. As four scale scores also showed significant improvements for control, a comparison of the effects was performed to offset a potential placebo-like effect by comparing difference from baseline against control. This analysis yielded significantly greater positive effects only for VR-R: PCS \u201ctotal score\u201d and \u201chelplessness\u201d; MOSS-SS \u201cindex I\u201d and \u201cindex II\u201d; and the three DASS subscores \u201cdepression\u201d, \u201canxiety\u201d, and \u201cstress\u201d. SF-12 showed no significant changes in either analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>VR-R and VR-A showed positive effects on several pain and quality-of-life scores, which were significant for some scores compared to baseline. For VR-R, some of these improvements were indeed significantly greater than under control conditions, while the effects with VR-A were not. Larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DRKS00030189.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08000-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T19:28:59Z","timestamp":1743190139000},"page":"1721-1731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Virtual reality-based pain control in endometriosis: a questionnaire-based pilot study of applications for relaxation and physical activity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"drks00030189","registry":"10.18810\/drks"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6282-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoria","family":"Pakebusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6492-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Schlisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitt","family":"Sch\u00f6nfisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Y.","family":"Brucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3485-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Andress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"8000_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17403-5","volume":"364","author":"LC Giudice","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giudice LC, Kao LC (2004) Endometriosis. 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