{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:44:50Z","timestamp":1784717090148,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Centre Egypt"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In assisted reproduction, poor ovarian response to stimulation negatively affects oocyte yield and is influenced by genetic factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to quantify the mRNA expression of key growth markers (BMP15, GDF9, OCT4, and FGFR2) in ovarian tissue according to the developmental stages of the follicle.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Samples were collected from ovarian tissue. Gene expression levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR. In addition, ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress markers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>OCT4 expression was similar in preantral and small follicles but significantly upregulated in medium and large follicles. GDF9 expression and SOD activity were highest in small follicles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). BMP15 levels were significantly elevated in small and medium follicles compared to preantral follicles but remained unchanged in large follicles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). FGFR2 expression increased progressively with follicle size (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). GPx activity was directly proportional to follicle size, with the lowest levels in preantral follicles. Conversely, ROS, MDA, and CAT concentrations decreased as follicle size increased.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings provide insights into the molecular regulation of follicular development in buffalo, which could aid in improving reproductive efficiency in assisted reproduction programs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T08:23:03Z","timestamp":1750494183000},"page":"937-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Expression of growth factors in buffalo ovarian tissue across different follicular developmental stages"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Seham Samir","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"El-Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia A.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima A.","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagdy K. B.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8090_CR1","unstructured":"Williams CJ, Erickson GF, Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E (2000) Morphology and physiology of the ovary. In: (eds) Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK278951"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01616-8","volume":"22","author":"Y Duan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duan Y, Cai B, Guo J, Wang C, Mai Q, Xu Y (2024) GDF9(His209GlnfsTer6\/S428T) and GDF9(Q321X\/S428T) bi-allelic variants caused female subfertility with defective follicle enlargement. Cell Commun Signal 22(1):235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-024-01616-8","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"10","key":"8090_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1268-4","volume":"35","author":"A Sanfins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanfins A, Rodrigues P, Albertini DF (2018) GDF-9 and BMP-15 direct the follicle symphony. J Assist Reprod Genet 35(10):1741\u20131750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-018-1268-4","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"8090_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-81","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Li RQ, Ou SB, Zhang NF, Ren L, Wei LN (2014) Increased GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA levels in cumulus granulosa cells correlate with oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo quality in humans. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 12:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-12-81","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8090_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01739.x","volume":"46","author":"F Paulini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paulini F, Melo EO (2011) The role of oocyte-secreted factors GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular development and oogenesis. Reprod Domest Anim 46(2):354\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01739.x","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"issue":"5","key":"8090_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-01107-6","volume":"30","author":"A Shamsa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamsa A, Gilchrist RB, Robertson DM, Rodgers RJ, Donoghoe MW, Ledger WL (2023) Oocyte-secreted serum biomarkers GDF9 and BMP15 in women with endometriosis. Reprod Sci 30(5):1521\u20131527","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8090_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E615","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3949","volume":"99","author":"CM Simpson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simpson CM, Robertson DM, Al-Musawi SL, Heath DA, McNatty KP, Ritter LJ (2014) Aberrant GDF9 expression and activation are associated with common human ovarian disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(4):E615\u2013E624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3949","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8090_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00002-1","volume":"71","author":"M Pesce","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pesce M, Wang X, Wolgemuth DJ, Scholer H (1998) Differential expression of the Oct-4 transcription factor during mouse germ cell differentiation. Mech Dev 71(1\u20132):89\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00002-1","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8090_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20471","volume":"73","author":"M Monti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Monti M, Garagna S, Redi C, Zuccotti M (2006) Gonadotropins affect Oct-4 gene expression during mouse oocyte growth. Mol Reprod Dev 73(6):685\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.20471","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"8090_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00915","volume":"10","author":"D Heng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heng D, Wang Q, Ma X, Tian Y, Xu K, Weng X (2019) Role of OCT4 in the regulation of FSH-induced granulosa cells growth in female mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 10:915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00915","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"8090_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13091475","volume":"13","author":"M El-Sheikh","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Sheikh M, Mesalam AA, Kang SM, Joo MD, Soliman SS, Khalil AAK, Ahn MJ, Kong IK (2023) Modulation of apoptosis and autophagy by melatonin in juglone-exposed bovine oocytes. Animals 13:1475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13091475","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"11","key":"8090_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2024.03.007","volume":"59","author":"M Rosner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosner M, Hengstschlager M (2024) Oct4 controls basement membrane development during human embryogenesis. Dev Cell 59(11):1439\u20131456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2024.03.007","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"8090_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-016-0233-z","volume":"9","author":"YM Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee YM, Kim TH, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Jeon RH, Jang SJ (2016) Overexpression of Oct4 in porcine ovarian stem\/stromal cells enhances differentiation of oocyte-like cells in vitro and ovarian follicular formation in vivo. J Ovarian Res 9:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-016-0233-z","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"8090_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.08.012","volume":"108","author":"SR Mishra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mishra SR, Thakur N, Somal A, Parmar MS, Reshma R, Rajesh G (2016) Expression and localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family in buffalo ovarian follicle during different stages of development and modulatory role of FGF2 on steroidogenesis and survival of cultured buffalo granulosa cells. Res Vet Sci 108:98\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.08.012","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"8090_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.043471","volume":"137","author":"Y Yamanaka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamanaka Y, Lanner F, Rossant J (2010) FGF signal-dependent segregation of primitive endoderm and epiblast in the mouse blastocyst. Development 137(5):715\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.043471","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"8090_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081237","volume":"17","author":"SH Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li SH, Hwu YM, Lu CH, Chang HH, Hsieh CE, Lee RK (2016) VEGF and FGF2 improve revascularization, survival, and oocyte quality of cryopreserved, subcutaneously-transplanted mouse ovarian tissues. Int J Mol Sci 17(8):1237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17081237","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8090_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.1034","volume":"63","author":"R Daniels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniels R, Hall V, Trounson AO (2000) Analysis of gene transcription in bovine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with granulosa cell nuclei. Biol Reprod 63(4):1034\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.1034","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8090_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.093203","volume":"85","author":"QE Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang QE, Fields SD, Zhang K, Ozawa M, Johnson SE, Ealy AD (2011) Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes primitive endoderm development in bovine blastocyst outgrowths. Biol Reprod 85(5):946\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.111.093203","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"8090_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250551","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1250551","volume":"10","author":"H Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng H, Choi H, Oh D, Kim M, Cai L, Jawad A (2023) Supplementation with fibroblast growth factor 7 during in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes improves oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Front Vet Sci 10:1250551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1250551","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8090_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det465","volume":"29","author":"TR Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang TR, Yan LY, Yan J, Lu CL, Xia X, Yin TL (2014) Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes the development of human ovarian early follicles during growth in vitro. Hum Reprod 29(3):568\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det465","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"8090_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab052","volume":"36","author":"SG Kristensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kristensen SG, Duncan FE (2021) Autonomous follicle growth and the production of mature human eggs in vitro: with or without the ovary? Hum Reprod 36(5):1163\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deab052 (PMID: 33681977)","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"8090_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06672-4","volume":"306","author":"A Schallmoser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schallmoser A, Einenkel R, F\u00e4rber C, S\u00e4nger N (2022) In vitro growth (IVG) of human ovarian follicles in frozen thawed ovarian cortex tissue culture supplemented with follicular fluid under hypoxic conditions. Arch Gynecol Obstet 306(4):1299\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-022-06672-4","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01388-x","volume":"23","author":"NLA Emrich","year":"2025","unstructured":"Emrich NLA, Einenkel R, F\u00e4rber CM, Schallmoser A, S\u00e4nger N (2025) Ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation: a two-decade single-center experience with 451 children and adolescents. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 23(1):51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01388-x","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91710-9","volume":"15","author":"ASS Abdoon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdoon ASS, Soliman SS, Hussein NS, Haggag SHI, El-Sanea AM, Abdel-Hamid AZ (2025) Metabolomic profile of dromedary camel follicular fluid during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Sci Rep 15(1):8923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91710-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"8090_CR25","first-page":"93","volume":"80","author":"ASS Abdoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdoon ASS, Attia MZ, El-Toukhey NE, Kandil OM, Sabra HA, Soliman SS (2020) Transcript abundance of GAPDH, HSP70, SOD2, PGES and PPAR \u03b3 mRNA gene expression during the different stages of reproduction in Egyptian buffaloes. J Egypt Vet Med Assoc 80(2):93\u2013208","journal-title":"J Egypt Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"8090_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.21608\/ejvs.2024.252235.1699","volume":"55","author":"SS Soliman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soliman SS, El-Sanea AM, Kandil OM, Aboelmaaty AM, Abdoon ASS (2024) Impact of reproductive status, body condition score, and locality on hormonal, and some blood metabolites in Egyptian buffaloes. EJVS 55:1387\u20131396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejvs.2024.252235.1699","journal-title":"EJVS"},{"key":"8090_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.01.020","volume":"136","author":"IAH Barakat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barakat IAH, Khalil WKB, Al-Himaidi AR (2016) Curcacycline A and B modulate apoptosis induced by heat stress in sheep oocytes during in vitro maturation. Small Rumin Res 136:187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.01.020","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8090_CR28","first-page":"184","volume":"35","author":"M Madesh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Madesh M, Balasubramanian KA (1998) Microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using MTT reduction by superoxide. Indian J Biochem Biophys 35(3):184\u2013188 (PMID: 9803669)","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"8090_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2021.101028","volume":"23","author":"SY Elateek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elateek SY, Salem LM, Ahmed ES, Khalil WKB (2021) Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital clinics induce ROS-mediated DNA damage, apoptosis and gene expression alterations in male mice. Gene Rep 23:101028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genrep.2021.101028","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"key":"8090_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rimon-Dahari N, Yerushalmi-Heinemann L, Alyagor L, Dekel N (2016) Ovarian folliculogenesis. In: Molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation in gonad development, pp 167\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-31973-5_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31973-5_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae254","volume":"40","author":"L Cacciottola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cacciottola L, Camboni A, Dolmans MM (2025) Immune system regulation of physiological and pathological aspects of the ovarian follicle pool throughout the female reproductive lifespan. Hum Reprod 40(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deae254","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8090_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.05.015","volume":"63","author":"AS Lequarre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lequarre AS, Vigneron C, Ribaucour F, Holm P, Donnay I, Dalbies-Tran R (2005) Influence of antral follicle size on oocyte characteristics and embryo development in the bovine. Theriogenology 63(3):841\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.05.015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8090_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap073","volume":"15","author":"C Tingen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tingen C, Kim A, Woodruff TK (2009) The primordial pool of follicles and nest breakdown in mammalian ovaries. Mol Hum Reprod 15(12):795\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gap073","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"164","key":"8090_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2025.03.007","volume":"14","author":"A Schallmoser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schallmoser A, Emrich N, Einenkel R, S\u00e4nger N (2025) Explorative 3-D culture of early secondary follicles in a time lapse system for up to 36 days gives valuable, but limited insights in follicular development. Placenta 14(164):50\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2025.03.007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00164","volume":"39","author":"JS Richards","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richards JS, Ren YA, Candelaria N, Adams JE, Rajkovic A (2018) Ovarian follicular theca cell recruitment, differentiation, and impact on fertility. Endocr Rev 39(1):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2017-00164","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"8090_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.101.002527","volume":"67","author":"EE Nilsson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nilsson EE, Skinner MK (2002) Growth and differentiation factor-9 stimulates progression of early primary but not primordial rat ovarian follicle development. Biol Reprod 67(3):1018\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.101.002527","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"8090_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02723-0","volume":"40","author":"TH Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang TH, Chen FR, Zhang YN, Chen SQ, Long FY, Wei JJ (2023) Decreased GDF9 and BMP15 in follicle fluid and granulosa cells and outcomes of IVF-ET among young patients with low prognosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 40(3):567\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-023-02723-0","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"8090_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1246","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0410","volume":"96","author":"A Kedem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kedem A, Fisch B, Garor R, Ben-Zaken A, Gizunterman T, Felz C (2011) Growth differentiating factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 both activate development of human primordial follicles in vitro, with seemingly more beneficial effects of GDF9. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(8):E1246\u2013E1254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-0410","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8090_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.12.001","volume":"214","author":"EE Nilsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nilsson EE, Skinner MK (2004) Kit ligand and basic fibroblast growth factor interactions in the induction of ovarian primordial to primary follicle transition. Mol Cell Endocrinol 214(1\u20132):19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2003.12.001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8090_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400279","volume":"5","author":"J Kehler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kehler J, Tolkunova E, Koschorz B, Pesce M, Gentile L, Boiani M (2004) Oct4 is required for primordial germ cell survival. EMBO Rep 5(11):1078\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.embor.7400279","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"8090_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122117","volume":"12","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang L (2023) The impact of follicular fluid oxidative stress levels on the outcomes of assisted reproductive therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 12(12):2117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12122117","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"8090_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822367","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.822367","volume":"9","author":"RF Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva RF, Lima LF, Ferreira ACA, Silva AFB, Alves DR, Alves BG (2022) Eugenol improves follicular survival and development during in vitro culture of goat ovarian tissue. Front Vet Sci 9:822367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.822367","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01161-x","volume":"16","author":"ASS Abdoon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdoon ASS, Al-Atrash AME, Soliman SS, El-Sanea AM, Gamal El Din AA, Fahmy HM (2023) Lyophilized equine platelet-rich plasma (L-GF(equina)) antagonize the Reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress Induced by Cyclophosphamide in female rats. J Ovarian Res 16(1):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-023-01161-x","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82921-7","volume":"15","author":"SS Soliman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soliman SS, Suliman AA, Fathy K et al (2025) Ovario- protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction in female. Sci Rep 15(1):1054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-82921-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8090_CR45","first-page":"131","volume":"9","author":"ASS Abdoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdoon ASS, Attia MZ, El-Toukhey NE, Kandil OM, Sabra HA, Soliman SS (2020) Effect of reproductive status and season on blood biochemical, hormonal and antioxidant changes in Egyptian buffaloes. Int J Vet Sci 9:131\u2013135","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci"},{"key":"8090_CR46","first-page":"126","volume":"9","author":"ASS Abdoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdoon ASS, Attia MZ, Soliman SS, Kandil OM, El-Toukhey NE, Sabra HA (2020) Seasonal variation in number of ovarian follicles and hormonal levels in Egyptian Buffalo and cattle. Int J Vet Sci 9:126\u2013130","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8090_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4371714","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4371714","volume":"2017","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, He G, Chen M, Zuo T, Xu W, Liu X (2017) The role of antioxidant enzymes in the ovaries. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017(1):4371714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/4371714","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T21:21:33Z","timestamp":1757193693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08090-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Experiments were approved by \u201cthe Institutional Medical Research Ethical Committee\u201d at the National Research Centre in Egypt (Number 05410723).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}