{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1771566594788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to characterize a cohort of male patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, specifically focusing on tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and determinants of overall survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for this study were obtained from the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Cancer Registry, encompassing male patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2015 and 2023. A total of 470 patient records were included. We described patient and tumor characteristics using descriptive statistics. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify significant determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort of male patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, luminal subtype was the predominant tumor biology, accounting for 90% of cases. HER2-positive tumors were observed in 9% of patients, while triple-negative tumors were rare, with only four cases identified. Regarding tumor staging, 81.7% of patients were diagnosed at T1 or T2 stages. However, a substantial proportion (48.7%) presented with clinically involved lymph nodes, and 27.1% were diagnosed at UICC stage III. The five-year overall survival rate for the cohort was 73.7%. Treatment analysis revealed that 86% of patients underwent surgical intervention. Mastectomy combined with sentinel lymph node dissection was the most frequent surgical procedure, performed in 50.6% of cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to 72.8% of patients. Cox regression analysis identified age, nodal status, and surgical intervention as significant determinants of overall survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T03:45:34Z","timestamp":1755488734000},"page":"1561-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treatment and survival of early non-metastatic breast cancer in men: real world data from a population-based registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Jakob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dannehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Hartkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Huwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Thijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Juhasz-B\u00f6ss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"Taran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"8139_CR1","unstructured":"Koch-Institut, R. Bericht zum krebsgeschehen in deutschland 2016"},{"key":"8139_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2013.04.003","volume":"13","author":"DK Patten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patten DK, Sharifi LK, Fazel M (2013) New approaches in the management of male breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 13:309\u2013314","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"8139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25153","volume":"116","author":"LC Harlan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harlan LC, Zujewski JA, Goodman MT, Stevens JL (2010) Breast cancer in men in the US: a population-based study of diagnosis, treatment and survival. Cancer 116:3558\u20133568","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"8139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3440-1","volume":"152","author":"AD Hartkopf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartkopf AD et al (2015) Detection and prevalence of disseminated tumor cells from the bone marrow of early stage male breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 152:51\u201355","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"8139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0425","volume":"20","author":"ZI Mitri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitri ZI et al (2015) BRCAPRO 6.0 model validation in male patients presenting for BRCA testing. The Oncol 20:593\u2013597","journal-title":"The Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt025","volume":"24","author":"KJ Ruddy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruddy KJ, Winer EP (2013) Male breast cancer: risk factors, biology, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 24:1434\u20131443","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR7","first-page":"110","volume":"147","author":"KM Serdy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serdy KM, Leone JP, Dabbs DJ, Bhargava R (2017) Male breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 147:110\u2013119","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"8139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12862","volume":"68","author":"S Deb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deb S, Lakhani SR, Ottini L, Fox SB (2016) The cancer genetics and pathology of male breast cancer. Histopathology 68:110\u2013118","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"8139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000019953.92921.7e","volume":"84","author":"C Rudlowski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rudlowski C et al (2004) Her-2\/neu gene amplification and protein expression in primary male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 84:215\u2013223","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"8139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.5729","volume":"28","author":"LA Korde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Korde LA et al (2010) Multidisciplinary meeting on male breast cancer: summary and research recommendations. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 28:2114\u20132122","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx651","volume":"29","author":"F Cardoso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cardoso F et al (2018) Characterization of male breast cancer: results of the EORTC 10085\/TBCRC\/BIG\/NABCG international male breast cancer program. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 29:405\u2013417","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2009.04.002","volume":"73","author":"B Cutuli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cutuli B et al (2010) Male breast cancer. Evolution of treatment and prognostic factors. Analysis of 489 cases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 73:246\u2013254","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"8139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000354122","volume":"8","author":"H Eggemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eggemann H et al (2013) Male breast cancer: 20-year survival data for post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Breast Care Basel Switz 8:270\u2013275","journal-title":"Breast Care Basel Switz"},{"key":"8139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21526","volume":"104","author":"SH Giordano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Giordano SH et al (2005) Adjuvant systemic therapy for male breast carcinoma. Cancer 104:2359\u20132364","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"8139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2355-3","volume":"137","author":"H Eggemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eggemann H et al (2013) Adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen compared to aromatase inhibitors for 257 male breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137:465\u2013470","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"8139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12197","volume":"4","author":"E Wibowo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wibowo E, Pollock PA, Hollis N, Wassersug RJ (2016) Tamoxifen in men: a review of adverse events. Andrology 4:776\u2013788","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"8139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07405-5","volume":"309","author":"ML Frevert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frevert ML et al (2024) Feasibility of targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer in men: real-world data from a population-based registry. Arch Gynecol Obstet 309:2811\u20132819","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"8139_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.03.037","volume":"717","author":"B Sousa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sousa B, Moser E, Cardoso F (2013) An update on male breast cancer and future directions for research and treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 717:71\u201383","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"8139_CR19","unstructured":"Landesrecht BW KrebsRVO | Landesnorm Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg | Gesamtausgabe | Verordnung des Sozialministeriums zur Regelung der Krebsregistrierung in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (Krebsregisterverordnung\u2014KrebsRVO) vom 12. Dezember 2017 | g\u00fcltig ab: 30.12.2017. https:\/\/www.landesrecht-bw.de\/jportal\/;jsessionid=C8120818F2D461C88769ECC95FBCB88C.jp91?quelle=jlink&query=KrebsRegV+BW&psml=bsbawueprod.psml&max=true&aiz=true#jlr-KrebsRegVBW2017rahmen."},{"key":"8139_CR20","unstructured":"Cancer in Germany 2019\/2020"},{"key":"8139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0671-y","volume":"18","author":"V Silvestri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silvestri V et al (2016) Male breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: pathology data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1\/2. Breast Cancer Res BCR 18:15","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res BCR"},{"key":"8139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2062-0","volume":"134","author":"L Ottini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ottini L et al (2012) Clinical and pathologic characteristics of BRCA-positive and BRCA-negative male breast cancer patients: results from a collaborative multicenter study in Italy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 134:411\u2013418","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"8139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5691.24.10485-6","volume":"79","author":"D Gentile","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gentile D, Tinterri C (2024) Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy. Minerva Surg 79:545\u2013557","journal-title":"Minerva Surg"},{"key":"8139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2412063","volume":"392","author":"T Reimer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reimer T et al (2025) Axillary surgery in breast cancer\u2014primary results of the INSEMA trial. N Engl J Med 392:1051\u20131064","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08901-z","volume":"27","author":"JK Plichta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Plichta JK et al (2020) Surgery for men with breast cancer: do the same data still apply? Ann Surg Oncol 27:4720\u20134729","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458","volume":"116","author":"JN Cormier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cormier JN et al (2010) Lymphedema beyond breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer-related secondary lymphedema. Cancer 116:5138\u20135149","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"8139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175883592311781","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231178125","volume":"15","author":"DJ Slamon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Slamon DJ et al (2023) Rationale and trial design of NATALEE: a Phase III trial of adjuvant ribociclib + endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone in patients with HR+\/HER2\u2212 early breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 15:17588359231178124","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00694-5","volume":"24","author":"SRD Johnston","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johnston SRD et al (2023) Abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer (monarchE): results from a preplanned interim analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 24:77\u201390","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"8139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105215","volume":"384","author":"ANJ Tutt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutt ANJ et al (2021) Adjuvant olaparib for patients with BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancer. N Engl J Med 384:2394\u20132405","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T07:29:44Z","timestamp":1762327784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-025-08139-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dorothee Jakob: No conflicts of interest declared. Dominik Dannehl: Honoraria from Gilead, Novartis. DaiichiSankyo, Onkowissen.TV and AstraZeneca. Hannes Endres: no conflicts of interest declared. Lina Jansen: no conflicts of interest declared. Silke Hermann: no conflicts of interest declared. Andreas Hartkopf: grants from Exact Science, Veracyte; Consulting fees from Roche, Novartis, MSD, Agendia, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Lilly, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi Sankyo; Honoraria from Roche, Novartis, MSD, Agendia, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Lilly, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, Eisai, Thieme, Springer, Veracyte Travel\/meeting fees from Roche, Novartis, Lilly, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Gileasd, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of Novartis, Roche, Agendia, Lilly, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Menarini Stemline, ExactScience, Eisai, Sandoz\/Hexal. Sarah Huwer: no conflicts of interest declared. Lisa Jung: no conflicts of interest declared. Olivia Thijssen: no conflicts of interest declared. Ingolf Juhasz-B\u00f6ss: no conflicts of interest declared. Florin-Andrei Taran: consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, ImmunoGen, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche; Honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, ImmunoGen, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}