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In this study, we sought to evaluate the offspring long-term neurological morbidity of children born via cesarean delivery (CD) for non-reassuring FHR (NRFHR) indication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population-based cohort analysis was performed comparing long-term neurological morbidity of term children born via CD for NRFHR as compared with children born via CD for non-progressive labor (NPL), at a single medical center. Neurological morbidity of the offspring was assessed using data from community-based clinics and\/or hospitalizations up to 18\u00a0years involving neurological morbidity. A Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative neurological morbidity incidence between the groups. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to control for possible confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      14,333 term singleton intrapartum CDs met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 59.0% were for NRFHR indication and 41.0% for NPL. Rate of total long-term neurological morbidity was comparable between the groups. The Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curve also shows comparable cumulative incidence of neurological morbidity in both groups (Log-rank,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.390). In the GEE model, controlling for repeated deliveries of the same mother (siblings), child birth year, follow-up time and multiple other confounders, NRFHR leading to CD was not found as a risk factor for offspring long-term neurological morbidity (aHR 1.87, 95%CI 0.74\u20134.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.184).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrapartum NRFHR leading to CD did not predict long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring, possibly due to prompt intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08258-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:47:56Z","timestamp":1767714476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term neurological health of the term offspring born via cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Gil","family":"Gutvirtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gali","family":"Pariente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Wainstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Sheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117359","volume":"185","author":"A Hadar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hadar A, Sheiner E, Hallak M, Katz M, Mazor M, Shoham-Vardi I (2001) Abnormal fetal heart rate tracing patterns during the first stage of labor: effect on perinatal outcome. 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