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While migration is known to impact maternal and neonatal health negatively, evidence on outcomes for second-generation mothers (SGMs) is limited. This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes of SGMs, comparing them with first-generation and native mothers in an Italian region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All deliveries in the Emilia-Romagna Birth Registry (2012\u20132023) were linked with the 15th Population Census (2011); this allowed the definition of migratory background. The outcomes included emergency and elective cesarean delivery, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and late antenatal care (ANC). Log-binomial models were used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), also stratified by area of origin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>390,062 births were recorded; for 63%, it was possible to define the migratory background. Compared to native mothers, SGMs were younger and less educated; 79.5% held Italian citizenship. SGMs showed a lower risk of elective cesarean delivery (aPR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53\u20130.79) and higher risks of late ANC (aPR 1.91, 95% CI 1.69\u20132.15), emergency cesarean delivery (aPR 1.15, 95%CI 1.00\u20131.31), preterm birth (aPR 1.59, 95% CI 1.33\u20131.90), and SGA (aPR 1.15, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.33). Certain areas of origin, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, seemed to have an increased risk of negative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SGMs show worse social determinants and birth outcomes than natives. Currently, the second generation cannot be identified through administrative data; however, it merits greater attention, in terms of monitoring tools and health and social policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08273-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:54:26Z","timestamp":1774961666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obstetric outcomes in second-generation and migrant mothers: a cohort study in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cavagnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9378-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Caranci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"8273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1149-x","volume":"17","author":"LM Almeida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida LM, Caldas J, Ayres-de-Campos D, Salcedo-Barrientos D, Dias S (2013) Maternal healthcare in migrants: a systematic review. 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