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UCI was measured at 3 cord segments and classified as hypocoiled (&lt;\u20090.20), normocoiled (0.20\u20130.40), or hypercoiled (&gt;\u20090.40) using percentile distribution and ROC-derived thresholds. Maternal characteristics, delivery outcomes, fetal well-being, placental measurements, cord blood gas values, and neonatal outcomes were compared using Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Mann\u2013Whitney U, and chi-square tests (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was significant).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 461 patients, 72 (15.6%) were hypocoiled, 244 (52.9%) normocoiled, and 145 (31.5%) hypercoiled. No significant differences were found in maternal age, BMI, gestational age at delivery, hypertension, diabetes, or placental abruption. Birth weight was lowest in the hypocoiled group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Umbilical artery pH was significantly lower in the hypercoiled group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Both hypo and hypercoiled groups showed significantly reduced placental weight\/thickness (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher rates of non-reassuring non-stress tests (34.7 and 28.3% vs. 9.0%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (p\u2009=\u20090.003), oligohydramnios (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and intrauterine growth restriction (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were more common in abnormal coiling groups. Five-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in both abnormal groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No association was found with fetal death (p\u2009=\u20090.575).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both decreased and excessive umbilical cord coiling in the second trimester are associated with impaired fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes. Routine second-trimester UCI assessment may help identify high-risk pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-026-08342-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:03:34Z","timestamp":1770224614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of umbilical cord coiling \u0131ndex measured in antenatal period on pregnancy results"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-3700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ercan","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8342_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00435-g","volume":"85","author":"J Rana","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rana J, Ebert GA, Kappy KA (1995) Adverse perinatal outcome in patients with an abnormal umbilical coiling index, (in eng). 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