{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T15:51:49Z","timestamp":1774713109572,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different intraoperative prophylactic oxytocin regimens on maternal blood loss during cesarean section, and to compare effects in procedures performed before versus after onset of labor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center over 15\u00a0years (2006\u20132021). A total of 1996 cesarean sections were identified, of which 1504 women with complete pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values were included in hemoglobin delta analyses. All 1996 women were considered for descriptive and binary outcome analyses. The study population was stratified into four intraoperative oxytocin exposure groups (0\u00a0IU, 3\u00a0IU,\u2009&gt;\u20093 up to\u2009\u2264\u200913\u00a0IU, and &gt;\u200913\u00a0IU) and further analyzed according to timing before or after onset of labor. The primary outcome was perioperative hemoglobin delta, while secondary outcomes included estimated intraoperative blood loss and binary maternal outcomes such as transfusion, uterine atony, and B-Lynch procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cesarean sections before onset of labor, very high intraoperative oxytocin doses (&gt;\u200913\u00a0IU) were associated with significantly increased adjusted blood loss (+\u2009315\u00a0ml, p\u2009=\u20090.007), while intermediate doses (+\u2009270\u00a0ml, p\u2009=\u20090.009) also showed higher losses compared with no oxytocin. Hemoglobin decline was greater in the 3\u00a0IU and\u2009&gt;\u20093 up to\u2009\u2264\u200913\u00a0IU groups, but not in the\u2009&gt;\u200913\u00a0IU group. In cesarean sections after onset of labor, women receiving very high doses likewise had significantly higher blood loss (+\u2009170\u00a0ml, p\u2009=\u20090.004), whereas a modest reduction was observed with 3\u00a0IU (\u2212\u2009116\u00a0ml, p\u2009=\u20090.014). Estimated blood loss did not reliably correlate with hemoglobin decline, and no consistent dose\u2013response benefit of higher oxytocin administration was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Very high intraoperative oxytocin doses were not associated with reduced blood loss and were frequently administered in women at increased bleeding risk, suggesting confounding by indication. These results should therefore be regarded as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive evidence to guide prophylactic dosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-026-08391-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T15:05:43Z","timestamp":1774710343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-term maternal outcomes after intraoperative administration of prophylactic oxytocin during cesarean sections: a retrospective cohort study with a comparison of different administration protocols"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1684-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob Thomas","family":"Bus\u0142owicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6rthe","family":"Br\u00fcggmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Al Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira Catharina","family":"Hoock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Deuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Schaarschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Kristina","family":"K\u00e4mpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Neef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Zacharowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Louwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1620-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Elisabeth","family":"Hentrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"8391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.09.009","volume":"6","author":"N Scatliffe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scatliffe N, Casavant S, Vittner D, Cong X (2019) Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: a systematic review. 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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors obtained approval from the Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital ethics committee to conduct the study (protocol #2022-930).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this retrospective study, no informed consent was required as all data were collected routinely and anonymized prior to analysis.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate declarations"}}],"article-number":"146"}}