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The entire research process strictly complied with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association and relevant national and local ethical norms to ensure the scientificity and ethics of the research design.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All pregnant women participating in this study were fully informed of the research purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. All research subjects signed written informed consent forms. The data related to the fetuses included in the study have been anonymized to strictly protect the personal privacy and information security of the research subjects.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Approval No.: YJSKY2022-412).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Given the retrospective use of anonymized existing clinical data, a waiver of informed consent was approved by the ethics committee; written informed consent was obtained from all participants enrolled in the prospective arm of the study, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"181"}}