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Light exposure during the in vitro manipulation of ovarian follicles negatively affects follicle viability. Laboratory conditions involve exposure to varying wavelengths, intensities, and light sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, we observed the effect of recurring light exposure on murine ovarian follicle viability subsequently assessed by evaluating increase in diameter, changes in morphology, and results from the LIVE\/DEAD assay. A time-lapse approach allowed for effective observation of follicle interactions and viability, with no relevant movement or loss of focus throughout the imaging period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>However, follicles exposed to light showed a significant increase in granulosa cell death, as indicated by the LIVE\/DEAD assay. No significant difference was observed in regard to morphology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brightfield time-lapse provides a valuable tool for identifying early predictive signs and key milestones in follicle development, which may enhance in vitro follicle culture techniques and improve patient treatment outcomes, but simultaneously carries a risk of phototoxicity that must be considered when applying this method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-026-08515-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:35:58Z","timestamp":1783042558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phototoxicity of brightfield live-cell imaging on murine ovarian follicles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Stadter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"H\u00e4berle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Brey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bleisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Dietl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0611-5549","volume":"78","author":"R Dittrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dittrich R, Kliesch S, Sch\u00fcring A, Balcerek M, Baston-B\u00fcst DM, Beck R et al (2017) Fertility preservation for patients with malignant disease. 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The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval by the local ethical committee was not required. Ovaries were collected from dead animals routinely accrued during the breeding of animals. Approval for the breeding was obtained from the local ethical committee on animal experimentation (# 55.2\u20132532-2\u2013737). Animals were maintained in accordance with Animal Care and Use Committee regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"214"}}