{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:53Z","timestamp":1792782653328,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kgsv495","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gynecol Obstet"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish gestational age-specific nomograms for fetal eyeball anteroposterior (AP) diameter and intraocular measurements (lens AP diameter, vitreous body AP diameter).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted and included singleton pregnancies without prenatal or postnatal structural abnormalities. Three-dimensional ultrasound volumes of the fetal face acquired between 12 and 41 weeks\u2019 gestation were analyzed using multiplanar reformatting to obtain a standardized axial orbital plane. Right and left eyeball, lens, and vitreous body AP diameters were measured. Gestational age-specific reference ranges were generated using percentile distributions. Quadratic regression was used to assess associations with gestational age and biparietal diameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 608 volumes screened, 588 were included. Complete assessment of all parameters was available in 577 (98.1%). All ocular and intraocular measurements increased with gestational age (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Quadratic regression demonstrated associations between gestational age and eyeball AP diameter (right R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80; left R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.79), lens AP diameter (right R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.44; left R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.42), and vitreous body AP diameter (right R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80; left R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.81). Similar associations were observed with biparietal diameter (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Gestational age-specific nomograms and percentile tables are presented.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational age-specific nomograms for fetal eyeball depth and intraocular measurements are provided and may support objective prenatal assessment of fetal ocular growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-026-08541-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:35:37Z","timestamp":1784712937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational age-specific nomograms for fetal eyeball depth and intraocular measurements using 3-D ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Marwan","family":"Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Nasra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Leibovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Bakry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Lowenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5270-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inshirah","family":"Sgayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"8541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2318-5464","volume":"45","author":"KO Kagan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kagan KO, Tost F, Heling KS, Hoopmann M, Sonek J, Chaoui R (2024) Fetal eye ultrasound: Normal anatomy, abnormal findings, and clinical impact. 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