{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:17:36Z","timestamp":1771028256178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T06:21:34Z","timestamp":1538720494000},"page":"2941-2945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The significance of tissue biopsy for fungi in necrotizing otitis externa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Rani","family":"Abu Eta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5889-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haim","family":"Gavriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kleid","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ephraim","family":"Eviatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Yeheskeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2237","volume":"32","author":"B Ozgen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ozgen B, Oguz KK, Cila A (2011) Diffusion MR imaging features of skull base osteomyelitis compared with skull base malignancy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(1):179\u2013184","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90592-X","volume":"85","author":"J Rubin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rubin J, Yu VL (1988) Malignant external otitis: insights into pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and therapy. Am J Med 85:391\u2013398","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200310000-00002","volume":"11","author":"GS Sreepada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sreepada GS, Kwartler JA (2003) Skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck 11:316\u2013323","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck"},{"key":"5151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.01.004","volume":"41","author":"MJ Carfrae","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carfrae MJ, Kesser BW (2008) Malignant otitis externa. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 41:537\u2013549","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"5151_CR5","first-page":"2118","volume-title":"Cummings otolaryngology: head and neck surgery","author":"AB Jason","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jason AB, Michael JR (2014) Infections of the external ear. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund VJ, Niparko JK, Richardson MA, Robbins KT et al (eds) Cummings otolaryngology: head and neck surgery, 6th\u00a0edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp\u00a02118\u20132120","edition":"6"},{"key":"5151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30316-9","volume":"29","author":"WH Slattery III","year":"1996","unstructured":"Slattery WH III, Brackmann DE (1996) Skull base osteomyelitis. Malignant external otitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 29:795\u2013806","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"5151_CR7","first-page":"30","volume":"82","author":"CI Timon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Timon CI, O\u2019Dwyer T (1989) Diagnosis, complications, and treatment of malignant otitis externa. Ir Med J 82:30\u201331","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00471-2","volume":"96","author":"O Mardinger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mardinger O, Rosen D, Minkow B, Tulzinsky Z, Ophir D, Hirshberg A (2003) Temporomandibular joint involvement in malignant external otitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 96(4):398\u2013403","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"6","key":"5151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813482107","volume":"148","author":"S Loh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loh S, Loh WS (2013) Malignant otitis externa: an asian perspective on treatment outcomes and prognostic factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148(6):991\u2013996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"5151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0033-y","volume":"263","author":"W Narozny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Narozny W, Kuczkowski J, Stankiewicz C, Kot J, Mikaszewski B, Przewozny T (2006) Value of hyperbaric oxygen in bacterial and fungal malignant external otitis treatment. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263(7):680\u2013684","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"5151_CR11","first-page":"2674","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"DW Denning","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denning DW (2000) Aspergillus species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds) Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 5th\u00a0edn. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp\u00a02674\u20132685","edition":"5"},{"key":"5151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007641-0","volume":"153","author":"MT Hedayati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hedayati MT, Pasqualotto AC, Warn PA, Bowyer P, Denning DW (2007) Aspergillus flavus: human pathogen, allergen and mycotoxin producer. Microbiology 153:1677\u20131692","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"5151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1086\/513943","volume":"26","author":"DW Denning","year":"1998","unstructured":"Denning DW (1998) Invasive Aspergillus. Clin Infect Dis 26:781\u2013805","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606203342506","volume":"334","author":"PM Tibbles","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tibbles PM, Edelsberg JS (1996) Hyperbaric-oxygen therapy. N Engl J Med 334:1642\u20131648","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.10.017","volume":"87","author":"E Glikson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glikson E, Sagiv D, Wolf M, Shapira Y (2017) Necrotizing otitis externa: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in a case series. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 87(1):74\u201378","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000249","volume":"35","author":"A Verim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verim A, Naibo\u011flu B, Karaca \u00c7, Seneldir L, K\u00fclek\u00e7i S, Oysu \u00c7 (2014) Clinical outcome parameters for necrotizing otitis externa. Otol Neurotol 35(2):371\u2013376","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418778056","volume":"127","author":"JL Hatch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hatch JL, Bauschard MJ, Nguyen SA, Lambert PR, Meyer TA, McRackan TR (2018) Malignant otitis externa outcomes: a study of the University HealthSystem Consortium Database. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 127(8):514\u2013520","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"5151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.2.277","volume":"12","author":"P Phillips","year":"1990","unstructured":"Phillips P, Bryce G, Shepherd J, Mintz D (1990) Invasive external otitis caused by Aspergillus. Rev Infect Dis 12:277\u2013281","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"5151_CR19","first-page":"89","volume":"118","author":"JC Davis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Davis JC, Gates GA, Lerner G, Davis MG, Mader JT, Dinesman A (1992) Adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen in malignant otitis externa. Laryngoscope 118:89\u201393","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"5151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860360072021","volume":"115","author":"A Shupak","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shupak A, Greenberg E, Hardoff R, Gordon C, Melamed Y, Meyer WS (1989) Hyperbaric oxygenation for necrotizing (malignant) otitis externa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 115:1470\u20131475","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"5151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196808000-00002","volume":"78","author":"JR Chandler","year":"1968","unstructured":"Chandler JR (1968) Malignant external otitis. Laryngoscope 78:1257\u20131294","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"5151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-195910000-00006","volume":"69","author":"PE Meltzer","year":"1959","unstructured":"Meltzer PE, Kelemen G (1959) Pyocyaneous osteomyelitis of the temporal bone, mandible and zygoma. Laryngoscope 69:1300\u20131316","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"5151_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110077137","volume":"34","author":"G Finer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Finer G, Greenberg D, Leibovitz E, Leiberman A, Shelef I, Kapelushnik J (2002) Conservative treatment of malignant (invasive) external otitis caused by Aspergillus flavus with oral itraconazole solution in neutropenic patient. Scand J Infect Dis 34:227\u2013229","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139307200807","volume":"72","author":"E Hanna","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hanna E, Hughes G, Eliachar I, Wanamaker J, Tomford W (1993) Fungal osteomyelitis of the temporal bone: a review of reported cases. Ear Nose Throat J 72:532\u2013541","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"5151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200309000-00016","volume":"113","author":"SJ Marzo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marzo SJ, Leonetti JP (2003) Invasive fungal and bacterial infections of the temporal bone. Laryngoscope 113:1503\u20131507","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"5151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.01.001","volume":"62","author":"Y Hamzany","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamzany Y, Soudry E, Preis M, Hadar T, Hilly O, Bishara J, Nageris BI (2011) Fungal malignant external otitis. J Infect 62(3):226\u2013231","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"5151_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000563","volume":"36","author":"M Gruber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gruber M, Roitman A, Doweck I, Uri N, Shaked-Mishan P, Kolop-Feldman A, Cohen-Kerem R (2015) Clinical utility of a polymerase chain reaction assay in culture-negative necrotizing otitis externa. Otol Neurotol 36(4):733\u2013736","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T02:40:16Z","timestamp":1605148816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5151-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"There are no possible conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"There are no sources of financial support, corporate involvement, patent holdings, etc., for our research\/study; and there is no ethical problem.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}