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Audiological measurements including air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) pure-tone averages (PTA) and the air\u2013bone gap (ABG) were assessed. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was assessed by the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21) pre- and postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 25 patients (16 females and 9 males; mean age 51.6\u00a0years, 14 right and 11 left ears) were included. Patients were reexamined after a mean follow-up period of 9.2\u00a0months (SD\u2009=\u20096.5) after obliteration of the mastoid cavity. Compared to the preoperative visit, patients showed a significantly reduced AC PTA at the postoperative visit (mean difference: \u2212\u00a04.1; SD\u2009=\u200910.4,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045). The mean ZCMEI-21 score changed from 31.7 (SD\u2009=\u200914.5) preoperatively to 17.4 (SD\u2009=\u200915.1) postoperatively (mean difference: \u2212\u00a014.3; SD\u2009=\u200919.1;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0002). The mean ZCMEI-21 score changes were neither correlated to the AC PTA shift (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.60) nor to the ABG shift (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.66).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study reporting a highly significant and clinically important improvement in HRQoL after mastoid cavity obliteration in a prospective setting. The improvement in HRQoL was not correlated to the hearing improvement. As a clinical implication, we provide evidence for a substantial subjective benefit of the surgical obliteration of a symptomatic mastoid cavity and, therefore, encourage this surgical procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05881-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T13:02:52Z","timestamp":1583499772000},"page":"1637-1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mastoid cavity obliteration leads to a clinically significant improvement in health-related quality of life"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"277","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0645-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora M.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"B\u00e4chinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Botzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilma","family":"Gro\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mlynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaufal E (1894) Zur Geschichte und Technik der operativen Freilegung der Mittelohrr\u00e4ume. 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