{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:52:30Z","timestamp":1793364750350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T16:19:42Z","timestamp":1592929182000},"page":"2775-2781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Fazilet","family":"Altin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tankut","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.003","volume":"24","author":"S Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su S, Wong G, Shi W et al (2016) Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol 24(6):490\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"6155_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","volume":"348","author":"C Drosten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drosten C, G\u00fcnther S, Preiser W et al (2003) Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 348:1967\u20131976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6155_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","volume":"367","author":"AM Zaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA (2012) Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med 367:1814\u20131820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6155_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu R, Zhao X, Li J et al (2020) Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel corona- virus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 395:565\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6155_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","volume":"382","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 382:1708\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6155_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","volume":"2020","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR et al (2020) Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1(published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 6)","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"6155_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","volume":"17","author":"CC Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, hSueh PR (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 17:105924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"6155_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202003_20551","volume":"24","author":"M Ceccarelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceccarelli M, Berretta M, Venanzi Rullo E, Nunnari G, Cacopardo B (2020) Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 24(5):2781\u20132783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202003_20551","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"6155_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14289","volume":"00","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong X, Cao Y-Y, Lu X-X et al (2020) Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019. Allergy 00:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14289","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"6155_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","volume":"368","author":"C Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao C, Di W, Huilong C et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 368:1091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1091","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"18","key":"6155_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e174","volume":"35","author":"Y Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW (2020) Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. J Korean Med Sci 35(18):e174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e174","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"6155_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020) Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. https:\/\/www.who.int\/internal-publicationsdetail\/clinical-management-of-severe-acuterespiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected. Accessed 5 Feb 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"6155_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","volume":"22","author":"T Hummel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G (1997) \u2018\u2018Sniffin\u2019 Sticks\u2019\u2019: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 22(1):39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"6155_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2823-3","volume":"271","author":"A Altunda\u011f","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altunda\u011f A, Salihoglu M, \u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc M, Cingi C, Tekeli H, Hummel T (2014) The effect of high altitude on olfactory functions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 271:615\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-013-2823-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6155_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_457_19","volume":"8","author":"YS Kale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kale YS, Vibhute N, Belgaumi U et al (2019) Effect of using tobacco on taste perception. J Family Med Prim Care 8(8):2699\u20132702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_457_19","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"6155_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.183042","volume":"7","author":"S Dyasanoor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dyasanoor S, Abdul Khader NF (2016) Alteration in salivary properties and taste perception in OSMF. Contemp Clin Dent 7(2):146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-237X.183042","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"issue":"20","key":"6155_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","volume":"S0163\u20134453","author":"L Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect S0163\u20134453(20):30170\u201330175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041(published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 10)","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"6155_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","author":"SHR Bagheri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagheri SHR, Asghari AM, Farhadi M et al (2020) Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak. J Infect. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"6155_CR19","unstructured":"- Rabin RC. Lost sense of smell may be peculiar cluse to coronavirus infection. Web site Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/22\/health\/coronavirus-symptoms-smell-taste."},{"key":"6155_CR20","unstructured":"- Stone J. There's an unexpected loss of smell and taste in coronavirus patients. Available at: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/judystone\/2020\/03\/20\/theres-an-unexpected-loss-of-smell-and-taste-in-coronavirus-patients\/#5a90a8d51017. Published 2020."},{"key":"6155_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109757","volume":"141","author":"S Gilani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilani S, Roditi R, Naraghi M (2020) COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran. Med Hypotheses 141:109757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109757(published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 23)","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"6155_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4461","volume":"235","author":"D van Riel","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T (2015) The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for infuenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol 235:277\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.4461","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6155_CR23","first-page":"26","volume":"15","author":"CS Hwang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hwang CS (2006) Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of A case. Acta neurologica Taiwanica 15(1):26\u201328 (PMID: 16599281)","journal-title":"Acta neurologica Taiwanica"},{"key":"6155_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","author":"H Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J et al (2020) High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x(Article number: 8)","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"6155_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","author":"X Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z (2020) The single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to Wuhan 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"6155_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587","author":"ST Moein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moein ST, Hashemian SMR, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL (2020) Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22587","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"6155_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","author":"T Klopfenstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klopfenstein T, Kadiane-Oussou NJ, Toko L et al (2020) Features of anosmia in COVID-19. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","journal-title":"Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses"},{"key":"6155_CR28","unstructured":"- Web site. Available at: https:\/\/www.entnet.org\/content\/aao-hns-anosmia-hyposmia-anddysgeusia-symptoms-coronavirus-disease. Accessed 25 Mar 2020."},{"key":"6155_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330","author":"A Giacomelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F et al (2020) Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330(published online ahead of print 2020)","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6155_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin16.248","volume":"56","author":"T Hummel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hummel T, Whitcroft KL, Andrews P, Altundag A, Cinghi C et al (2016) Position paper on olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology 56(1):1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin16.248","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"15","key":"6155_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 82(15):7264\u20137275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6155_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","volume":"11","author":"AM Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H (2020) Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host\u2013virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 11(7):995\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"6155_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.114","author":"SB Gane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gane SB, Kelly C, Hopkins C (2020) Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome? Rhinology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin20.114","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6155_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjl057","volume":"32","author":"D Trotier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trotier D, Bensimon JL, Herman P, Tran Ba Huy P, D\u00f8ving KB, Eloit C (2006) Inflammatory obstruction of the olfactor y clefts and olfactory loss in humans: a new syndrome? Chem Senses 32(3):285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjl057","journal-title":"Chem Senses"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T23:52:28Z","timestamp":1624405948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06155-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}