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This systematic review aimed to determine incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment of post-laryngectomy hypoparathyroidism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant articles on hypocalcaemia and\/or hypoparathyroidism after laryngectomy or pharyngectomy. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts from the search. Data from individual studies were collated and presented (without meta-analysis). Quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019133879).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-three observational studies were included. The rates of transient and long-term hypoparathyroidism following laryngectomy with concomitant hemi- or total thyroidectomy ranged from 5.6 to 57.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913 studies) and 0 to 12.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095 studies), respectively. Higher transient (62.1\u2013100%) and long-term (12.5\u201391.6%) rates were reported in patients who had concomitant oesophagectomy and total thyroidectomy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094 studies). Other risk factors included bilateral selective lateral neck dissection, salvage laryngectomy and total pharyngectomy. There is a lack of data on prevention and management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypoparathyroidism occurs in a significant number of patients after laryngectomy. Patients who underwent laryngectomy with concomitant hemithyroidectomy may still develop hypoparathyroidism. Research on prevention and treatment is lacking and needs to be encouraged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06213-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T09:07:50Z","timestamp":1595408870000},"page":"1337-1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Systematic review of incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment of post-laryngectomy hypoparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"278","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovie","family":"Edafe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke M.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabapathy P.","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6213_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9384","volume":"101","author":"O Edafe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edafe O, Antakia R, Laskar N, Uttley L, Balasubramanian SP (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. 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