{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:30:55Z","timestamp":1793313055773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005039","name":"Leiden University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To give an overview of the current knowledge regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, and classification of laryngeal dysplasia (LD) and to highlight the contributions of recent literature. As most cases of dysplasia occur at the glottic level and data on diagnosis and management are almost exclusively from this location, laryngeal dysplasia in this position paper is taken to be synonymous with dysplasia of the vocal folds.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LD has long been recognized as a precursor lesion to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two single most important etiological factors for the development of LD. There is currently insufficient evidence to support a role of reflux. Although varying levels of human papillomavirus have been identified in LD, its causal role is still uncertain, and there are data suggesting that it may be limited. Dysplasia has a varying presentation including leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, mucosal reddening or thickening with exophytic, \u201ctumor-like\u201d alterations. About 50% of leukoplakic lesions will contain some form of dysplasia. It has become clear that the traditionally accepted molecular pathways to cancer, involving accumulated mutations in a specific order, do not apply to LD. Although the molecular nature of the progression of LD to SCC is still unclear, it can be concluded that the risk of malignant transformation does rise with increasing grade of dysplasia, but not predictably so. Consequently, grading systems are inherently troubled by the weak correlation between the degree of the dysplasia and the risk of malignant transformation. The best data on LD grading and outcomes come from the Ljubljana group, forming the basis for the World Health Organization classification published in 2017.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1602612188000},"page":"1717-1722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["European Laryngological Society position paper on laryngeal dysplasia Part I: aetiology and pathological classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Odell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Edmund","family":"Eckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricard","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Quer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinidh","family":"Paleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Peter","family":"Klussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Remacle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7990-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Sj\u00f6gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.102","volume":"18","author":"K Curtius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Curtius K, Wright NA, Graham TA (2018) An evolutionary perspective on field cancerization. Nat Rev Cancer 18(1):19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc.2017.102","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"9625","key":"6403_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60728-X","volume":"371","author":"A Argiris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Argiris A, Karamouzis MV, Raben D, Ferris RL (2008) Head and neck cancer. Lancet 371(9625):1695\u20131709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60728-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"6403_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3403","volume":"40","author":"I Santi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santi I, Kroll LE, Dietz A, Becher H, Ramroth H (2014) To what degree is the association between educational inequality and laryngeal cancer explained by smoking, alcohol consumption, and occupational exposure? Scand J Work Environ Health 40(3):315\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.3403","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"6403_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23208","volume":"35","author":"A Coca-Pelaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coca-Pelaz A, Rodrigo JP, Takes RP, Silver CE, Paccagnella D, Rinaldo A, Hinni ML, Ferlito A (2013) Relationship between reflux and laryngeal cancer. Head Neck 35(12):1814\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.23208","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"6","key":"6403_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880130604","volume":"13","author":"JE Bouquot","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bouquot JE, Gnepp DR (1991) Laryngeal precancer: a review of the literature, commentary, and comparison with oral leukoplakia. Head Neck 13(6):488\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.2880130604","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"2","key":"6403_CR6","first-page":"88","volume":"12","author":"CG Hobbs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hobbs CG, Birchall MA (2004) Human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of laryngeal carcinoma. CurrOpinOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg 12(2):88\u201392","journal-title":"CurrOpinOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6403_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415608196","volume":"125","author":"S Karatayli-Ozgursoy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karatayli-Ozgursoy S, Bishop JA, Hillel A, Akst L, Best SR (2016) Risk factors for dysplasia in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in an adult and pediatric population. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol 125(3):235\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489415608196","journal-title":"Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6403_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701200350","volume":"127","author":"SF Preuss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preuss SF, Klussmann JP, Jungehulsing M, Eckel HE, Guntinas-Lichius O, Damm M (2007) Long-term results of surgical treatment for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Acta Otolaryngol 127(11):1196\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016480701200350","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6403_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057207","volume":"8","author":"CU Huebbers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huebbers CU, Preuss SF, Kolligs J, Vent J, Stenner M, Wieland U, Silling S, Drebber U, Speel EJ, Klussmann JP (2013) Integration of HPV6 and downregulation of AKR1C3 expression mark malignant transformation in a patient with juvenile-onset laryngeal papillomatosis. PLoS ONE 8(2):e57207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0057207","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"6403_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414526848","volume":"123","author":"T Davids","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davids T, Muller S, Wise JC, Johns MM 3rd, Klein A (2014) Laryngeal papillomatosis associated dysplasia in the adult population: an update on prevalence and HPV subtyping. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol 123(6):402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489414526848","journal-title":"Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6403_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814525749","volume":"150","author":"G Pagliuca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pagliuca G, Martellucci S, Degener AM, Pierangeli A, Greco A, Fusconi M, De Virgilio A, Gallipoli C, de Vincentiis M, Gallo A (2014) Role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of laryngeal dysplasia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 150(6):1018\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599814525749","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"6403_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21668","volume":"120","author":"HH Waters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waters HH, Seth R, Hoschar AP, Benninger MS (2010) Does HPV have a presence in diffuse high grade pre-malignant lesions of the larynx? Laryngoscope 120(Suppl 4):S201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.21668","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"6403_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.296","volume":"109","author":"G Halec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Halec G, Holzinger D, Schmitt M, Flechtenmacher C, Dyckhoff G, Lloveras B, H\u00f6fler D, Bosch FX, Pawlita M (2013) Biological evidence for a causal role of HPV16 in a small fraction of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 109(1):172\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2013.296","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"6403_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1159\/000477252","volume":"40","author":"S Wagner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagner S, Sharma SJ, Wuerdemann N, Knuth J, Reder H, Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP (2017) Human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Oncol Res Treat 40(6):334\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000477252","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"6403_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811700114","volume":"117","author":"JS Isenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Isenberg JS, Crozier DL, Dailey SH (2008) Institutional and comprehensive review of laryngeal leukoplakia. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol 117(1):74\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940811700114","journal-title":"Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6403_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.7.597","volume":"49","author":"SS Cross","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cross SS (1996) Kappa statistics as indicators of quality assurance in histopathology and cytopathology. J Clin Pathol 49(7):597\u2013599","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6403_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.00495.x","volume":"33","author":"SS Cross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cross SS (1998) Grading and scoring in histopathology. Histopathology 33(2):99\u2013106","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6403_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.05.023","volume":"120","author":"PM Speight","year":"2015","unstructured":"Speight PM, Abram TJ, Floriano PN, James R, Vick J, Thornhill MH, Murdoch C, Freeman C, Hegarty AM, D'Apice K, Kerr AR, Phelan J, Corby P, Khouly I, Vigneswaran N, Bouquot J, Demian NM, Weinstock YE, Redding SW, Rowan S, Yeh CK, McGuff HS, Miller FR, McDevitt JT (2015) Interobserver agreement in dysplasia grading: toward an enhanced gold standard for clinical pathology trials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 120(4):474\u2013482.e472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.05.023","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6403_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12427","volume":"65","author":"N Gale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gale N, Blagus R, El-Mofty SK, Helliwell T, Prasad ML, Sandison A, Volavsek M, Wenig BM, Zidar N, Cardesa A (2014) Evaluation of a new grading system for laryngeal squamous intraepithelial lesions\u2014a proposed unified classification. Histopathology 65(4):456\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.12427","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"6403_CR20","unstructured":"El-Naggar AK, JKC C, JR G, T T, PJ S (2017) WHO 2017 Classification of Tumours, 4th Edition, Volume 9 Head and Neck. WHO Classification of Tumours. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"issue":"7","key":"6403_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2017-0438-RA","volume":"142","author":"KJ Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho KJ, Song JS (2018) Recent changes of classification for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the head and neck. Arch Pathol Lab Med 142(7):829\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2017-0438-RA","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6403_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2284","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24185","volume":"38","author":"AM van Hulst","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Hulst AM, Kroon W, van der Linden ES, Nagtzaam L, Ottenhof SR, Wegner I, Gunning AC, Grolman W, Braunius W (2016) Grade of dysplasia and malignant transformation in adults with premalignant laryngeal lesions. Head Neck 38(Suppl 1):E2284\u20132290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.24185","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"6312","key":"6403_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag0299","volume":"354","author":"LB Alexandrov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alexandrov LB, Ju YS, Haase K, Van Loo P, Martincorena I, Nik-Zainal S, Totoki Y, Fujimoto A, Nakagawa H, Shibata T, Campbell PJ, Vineis P, Phillips DH, Stratton MR (2016) Mutational signatures associated with tobacco smoking in human cancer. Science 354(6312):618\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aag0299","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"6403_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.02.012","volume":"125","author":"S Muller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muller S (2018) Oral epithelial dysplasia, atypical verrucous lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders: focus on histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 125(6):591\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.02.012","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6403_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0788-z","volume":"11","author":"N Gale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gale N, Poljak M, Zidar N (2017) Update from the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumours: what is new in the 2017 WHO blue book for tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space. Head Neck Pathol 11(1):23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12105-017-0788-z","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6403_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000106","volume":"23","author":"N Gale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gale N, Gnepp DR, Poljak M, Strojan P, Cardesa A, Helliwell T, Sifrer R, Volavsek M, Sandison A, Zidar N (2016) Laryngeal squamous intraepithelial lesions: an updated review on etiology, classification, molecular changes, and treatment. AdvAnatPathol 23(2):84\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000106","journal-title":"AdvAnatPathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6403_CR27","first-page":"2488","volume":"56","author":"J Califano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Califano J, van der Riet P, Westra W, Nawroz H, Clayman G, Piantadosi S, Corio R, Lee D, Greenberg B, Koch W, Sidransky D (1996) Genetic progression model for head and neck cancer: implications for field cancerization. Cancer Res 56(11):2488\u20132492","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"6403_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2358","volume":"17","author":"BJ Reid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reid BJ, Kostadinov R, Maley CC (2011) New strategies in Barrett\u2019s esophagus: integrating clonal evolutionary theory with clinical management. Clin Cancer Res 17(11):3512\u20133519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2358","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6403_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-017-0442-0","volume":"9","author":"HM Wood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wood HM, Daly C, Chalkley R, Senguven B, Ross L, Egan P, Chengot P, Graham J, Sethi N, Ong TK, MacLennan K, Rabbitts P, Conway C (2017) The genomic road to invasion-examining the similarities and differences in the genomes of associated oral pre-cancer and cancer samples. Genome Med 9(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-017-0442-0","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6403_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4576","volume":"237","author":"HM Wood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wood HM, Conway C, Daly C, Chalkley R, Berri S, Senguven B, Stead L, Ross L, Egan P, Chengot P, Graham J, Sethi N, Ong TK, High A, MacLennan K, Rabbitts P (2015) The clonal relationships between pre-cancer and cancer revealed by ultra-deep sequencing. J Pathol 237(3):296\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.4576","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"37","key":"6403_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40186","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5529","volume":"6","author":"C Conway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conway C, Graham JL, Chengot P, Daly C, Chalkley R, Ross L, Droop A, Rabbitts P, Stead LF (2015) Elucidating drivers of oral epithelial dysplasia formation and malignant transformation to cancer using RNAseq. Oncotarget 6(37):40186\u201340201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.5529","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"6403_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17022","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2017.22","volume":"3","author":"E Makarev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Makarev E, Schubert AD, Kanherkar RR, London N, Teka M, Ozerov I, Lezhnina K, Bedi A, Ravi R, Mehra R, Hoque MO, Sloma I, Gaykalova DA, Csoka AB, Sidransky D, Zhavoronkov A, Izumchenko E (2017) In silico analysis of pathways activation landscape in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia. Cell Death Discov 3:17022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddiscovery.2017.22","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"4","key":"6403_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00125480-200007040-00006","volume":"7","author":"N Gale","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gale N, Kambic V, Michaels L, Cardesa A, Hellquist H, Zidar N, Poljak M (2000) The Ljubljana classification: a practical strategy for the diagnosis of laryngeal precancerous lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 7(4):240\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00125480-200007040-00006","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"6403_CR34","unstructured":"Gale N, Pilch BZ, Sidransky D, El-Naggar AK, Westra W, Califano J, et al (2005) Tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx (Epithelial precursus lesions). In World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, Pathology and Genetics. Head and Neck tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. Lyon (ed) IARC Press, 177\u2013179"},{"key":"6403_CR35","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Head and Neck Surgical Pathology","author":"JD Crissman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Crissman JD, Sakr WA (2001) Squamous neoplasia of the upper aerodigestive stract: Intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In: Pilch BZ (ed) Head and Neck Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp 34\u201352"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T10:37:54Z","timestamp":1634121474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06403-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that he\/she has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This review did not include individual patient data and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}