{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:31:26Z","timestamp":1784129486267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T02:40:40Z","timestamp":1612924840000},"page":"4587-4592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Early detecting cervical necrotizing fasciitis from deep neck infections: a study of 550 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"278","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5748-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgos","family":"Sideris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia","family":"Sapountzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vangelis","family":"Malamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlos","family":"Maragkoudakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2349-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Delides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6653_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.08.006","volume":"131","author":"P Cruz Toro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cruz Toro P, Callejo Castillo \u00c0, Tornero Salt\u00f3 J, Gonz\u00e1lez Compta X, Farr\u00e9 A, Ma\u00f1os M (2014) Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: report of 6 cases and review of literature. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 131(6):357\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.08.006","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"6653_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600673","volume":"377","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bryant AE (2017) Necrotizing soft-tissue infections. N Engl J Med 377(23):2253\u20132265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1600673","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6653_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.62108","volume":"3","author":"N Shaikh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaikh N, Ummunissa F, Hanssen Y, Al Makki H, Shokr HM (2010) Hospital epidemiology of emergent cervical necrotizing fasciitis. J Emerg Trauma Shock 3(2):123\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.62108","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"issue":"9","key":"6653_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25184","volume":"40","author":"DA Gunaratne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunaratne DA, Tseros EA, Hasan Z et al (2018) Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: systematic review and analysis of 1235 reported cases from the literature. Head Neck 40(9):2094\u20132102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.25184","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"7","key":"6653_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000129486.35458.7d","volume":"32","author":"CH Wong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wong CH, Khin LW, Heng KS, Tan KC, Low CO (2004) The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. Crit Care Med 32(7):1535\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ccm.0000129486.35458.7d","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1088","key":"6653_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180093","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180093","volume":"91","author":"DK Tso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tso DK, Singh AK (2018) Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity: imaging pearls and pitfalls. Br J Radiol 91(1088):20180093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20180093","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6653_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/s1042-3699(02)00083-3","volume":"15","author":"M McGurk","year":"2003","unstructured":"McGurk M (2003) Diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis in the head and neck region. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 15(1):59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1042-3699(02)00083-3","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"26","key":"6653_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406283102601","volume":"310","author":"I Stamenkovic","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stamenkovic I, Lew PD (1984) Early recognition of potentially fatal necrotizing fasciitis. The use of frozen-section biopsy. N Engl J Med. 310(26):1689\u20131693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198406283102601","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"6653_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25184","volume":"40","author":"DA Gunaratne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunaratne DA, Tseros EA, Hasan Z, Kudpaje AS, Suruliraj A, Smith MC, Riffat F, Palme CE (2018) Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: systematic review and analysis of 1235 reported cases from the literature. Head Neck 40(9):2094\u20132102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.25184 (Epub 2018 Jun 22 PMID: 29934952)","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"6","key":"6653_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-5182(96)80038-2","volume":"24","author":"T De Backer","year":"1996","unstructured":"De Backer T, Bossuyt M, Schoenaers J (1996) Management of necrotizing fasciitis in the neck. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 24(6):366\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1010-5182(96)80038-2 (PMID: 9032605)","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"6653_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tso DK, Singh AK (2018) Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity: imaging pearls and pitfalls. Br J Radiol 91(1088):20180093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20180093(Epub 2018 Mar 28. PMID: 29537292; PMCID: PMC6209465)","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180093"},{"issue":"12","key":"6653_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.05.035","volume":"73","author":"A Sandner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sandner A, Moritz S, Unverzagt S, Plontke SK, Metz D (2015) Cervical necrotizing fasciitis-the value of the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score as an indicative parameter. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73(12):2319\u20132333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2015.05.035","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"6653_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23680","volume":"122","author":"AJ Thomas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomas AJ, Meyer TK (2012) Retrospective evaluation of laboratory-based diagnostic tools for cervical necrotizing fasciitis. Laryngoscope 122(12):2683\u20132687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.23680","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"6653_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ogawa M, Yokoo S, Takayama Y, Kurihara J, Makiguchi T, Shimizu T (2019) Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis of the oro-cervical region (LRINEC-OC): a possible diagnostic tool for emergencies of the oro-cervical region. Emerg Med Int 2019:1573453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/1573453(Published 2019 Nov 14)","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1573453"},{"issue":"2","key":"6653_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.09.016","volume":"46","author":"K Zemplenyi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zemplenyi K, Lopez B, Sardesai M, Dillon JK (2017) Can progression of odontogenic infections to cervical necrotizing soft tissue infections be predicted? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46(2):181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.09.016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"6653_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Melis A, Riu F, Kihlgren C et al (2020) Medical-surgical management and clinical outcome in cervical abscesses. J Infect Dev Ctries 14(5):527\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.12191(Published 2020 May 31)","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.12191"},{"key":"6653_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huber L, Budjan J, Rotter N, Lammert A (2020) Nekrotisierende Fasziitis der Kopf-Hals-Region\u20143 Fallberichte und Literatur\u00fcbersicht [Necrotizing fasciitis in the head and neck region-three case reports and a review of the literature] [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 2]. HNO. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00106-020-00899-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-020-00899-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"6653_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1007-7","volume":"267","author":"B Lanisnik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lanisnik B, Cizmarevic B (2010) Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck: 34 cases of a single institution experience. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267(3):415\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-009-1007-7","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6653_CR19","first-page":"430","volume":"38","author":"YM Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu YM, Chi CY, Ho MW et al (2005) Microbiology and factors affecting mortality in necrotizing fasciitis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 38(6):430\u2013435","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"6653_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mej.0000228447.48276.7b","volume":"14","author":"AF Hefny","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hefny AF, Eid HO, Al-Hussona M, Idris KM, Abu-Zidan FM (2007) Necrotizing fasciitis: a challenging diagnosis. Eur J Emerg Med 14(1):50\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mej.0000228447.48276.7b","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6653_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1393841","volume":"138","author":"MA Al-Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Ali MA, Hefny AF, Idris KM, Abu-Zidan FM (2018) Cervical necrotizing fasciitis: an overlooked diagnosis of a fatal disease. Acta Otolaryngol 138(4):411\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016489.2017.1393841","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1633065946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06653-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All individual participants included in the study sign an informed consent document, which includes their agreement in the use of patient data to future studies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}