{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:39:05Z","timestamp":1792031945416,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T22:11:53Z","timestamp":1620079913000},"page":"773-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Smell impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a real-life study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio Cesare","family":"Passali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiderio","family":"Passali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7016-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ciprandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.12.1324","volume":"137","author":"P Tomassen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tomassen P, Vandeplas G, Van Zele T, Cardell LO, Arebro J, Olze H et al (2016) Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 137(5):1449-1456.e4","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6848_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.007","volume":"126","author":"C Bachert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bachert C, Zhang N, Holtappels G, De Lobel L, van Cauwenberge P, Liu S et al (2010) Presence of IL-5 protein and IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps is associated with comorbid asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:962\u2013968","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"6848_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.005","volume":"118","author":"EO Meltzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL, Hadley JA, Lanza DC, Marple BF, Nicklas RA et al (2006) Rhinosinusitis: developing guidance for clinical trials Rhinosinusitis Initiative. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118(5 Suppl):S17-61","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6848_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70005-6","volume":"117","author":"VJ Lund","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lund VJ, Kennedy DW (1997) Staging for rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:S35-40","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"6848_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2009.00671.x","volume":"2","author":"M Gelardi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gelardi M, Russo C, Fiorella ML, Fiorella R, Ciprandi G (2010) Inflammatory cell types in nasal polyps. Cytopathology 2:201\u2013203","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"6848_CR6","unstructured":"Hummel T (2014) Management of smell and taste disorders: a practical guide for clinicians. A Welge-Luessen, Thieme Publishers"},{"issue":"3","key":"6848_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt072","volume":"39","author":"I Croy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Croy I, Nordin S, Hummel T (2014) Olfactory disorders and quality of life\u2014an updated review. Chem Sens 39(3):185\u2013194","journal-title":"Chem Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"6848_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00020","volume":"112","author":"M Damm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Damm M, Quante G (2002) Impact of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on symptoms and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 112(2):310\u2013315","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"6848_CR9","first-page":"15","volume":"36","author":"KW Delank","year":"1998","unstructured":"Delank KW, Stoll W (1998) Olfactory function after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. Rhinology 36(1):15\u201319","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6848_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1224","volume":"4","author":"RJ Stevenson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevenson RJ (2013) Olfactory perception, cognition, and dysfunction in humans. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 4(3):273\u2013284","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"6848_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjx025","volume":"42","author":"S Boesveldt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schopf V, Mainland JD et al (2017) Anosmia\u2014a clinical review. Chem Sens 42:513\u2013523","journal-title":"Chem Sens"},{"key":"6848_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2015.08.038","volume":"133","author":"DT Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen DT, Rumeau C, Gallet P, Jankowski R (2016) Olfactory exploration: stae of ast. Eur Ann Otolaryngol Head Neck Dis 133:113\u2013118","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6848_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750001134","volume":"120","author":"M Wolfensberger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wolfensberger M, Schnieper S (2000) Sniffin\u2019Sticks: a new olfactory test battery. Acta Otolaryngol 120(2):303\u2013306","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"6848_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0","volume":"264","author":"T Hummel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hummel T, Kobal G, Gudziol H, Mackay-Sim A (2007) Normative data for the \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264:237\u2013243","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"6848_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","volume":"22","author":"T Hummel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf S, Pauli E, Kobal G (1997) \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Sens 22:39\u201352","journal-title":"Chem Sens"},{"key":"6848_CR16","first-page":"222","volume":"34","author":"G Kobal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kobal G, Hummel T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, Wolf S (1996) \u201cSniYn\u2019 Sticks\u201d: screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology 34:222\u2013226","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"26","key":"6848_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino16.248","volume":"54","author":"T Hummel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hummel T, Whitcroft KL, Andrews P, Altundag A, Cinghi C, Costanzo RM et al (2017) Position paper on olfactory dysfunction. Rhinol Suppl 54(26):1\u201330","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"6848_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418814768","volume":"33","author":"AG Kartush","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kartush AG, Schumacher JK, Shah R, Patadia MO (2019) Biologic agents for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 33(2):203\u2013211","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"12","key":"6848_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13875","volume":"74","author":"WJ Fokkens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ, Lund V, Bachert C, Mullol J, Bjermer L, Bousquet J et al (2019) EUFOREA consensus on biologics for CRSwNP with or without asthma. Allergy 74(12):2312\u20132319","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"Suppl S29","key":"6848_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"W Fokkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens W, Lund V, Hopkins C, Hellings P, Kern R, Reitsma S et al (2020) EPOS2020: European Position Paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020. Rhinology 58(Suppl S29):1\u2013464","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6848_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21344","volume":"4","author":"RR Orlandi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orlandi RR, Smith TL, Marple BF, Harvey RJ, Hwang PH, Kern RC et al (2014) Update on evidence-based reviews with recommendations in adult chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 4(Suppl 1):S1\u2013S15","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6848_CR22","first-page":"108","volume":"8","author":"SK Wise","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, Orlandi RR, Akdis CA, Alt JA et al (2018) International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 8(2):108\u2013352","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"6848_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000702","volume":"21","author":"LN Bailey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bailey LN, Garcia JAP, Grayson JW (2020) Chronic rhinosinusitis:\u00a0phenotypes\u00a0and endotypes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 21:24","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"6848_CR24","first-page":"31113","volume":"S2213\u20132198","author":"TM Laidlaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laidlaw TM, Mullol J, Woessner KM, Amin N, Mannent LP (2020) Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract S2213\u20132198(20):31113\u201331122","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"6848_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1812388","volume":"14","author":"R Castagnoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castagnoli R, Licari A, Brambilla I, Tosca M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL (2020) An update on the role of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps as a co-morbidity in severe asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 14(12):1197\u20131205","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6848_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.049","volume":"146","author":"M Gelardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gelardi M, Cassano M, Ciprandi G (2020) The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 146(2):462\u2013463","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6848_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-2426","volume":"39","author":"M Gelardi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gelardi M, Piccininni K, Quaranta N, Quaranta V, Silvestri M, Ciprandi G (2019) Olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is associated with clinical-cytological grading severity. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 39(5):329\u2013335","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"6848_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.063","volume":"139","author":"BK Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan BK, Klingler AI, Stevens WW, Poposki JA, Peters AT, Suh LA et al (2017) Heterogeneous inflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chicago. Illinois J Allergy Clin Immunol 139:699\u2013703","journal-title":"Illinois J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6848_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.05.009","volume":"7","author":"WW Stevens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stevens WW, Peters AT, Tan BK, Klingler AI, Poposki JA, Hulser KE et al (2019) Associations between inflammatory endotypes and clinical presentations in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 7:2812\u20132820","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"6848_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22249","volume":"9","author":"JC Morse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morse JC, Shilts MH, Ely KA, Li P, Sheng Q, Huang L-C et al (2019) Patterns of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis identified by hierarchical cluster analysis and machine learning algorithms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 9:255\u2013264","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"6848_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.09.063","volume":"9","author":"TM Laidlaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laidlaw TM, Mullol J, Woessner KM, Amin N, Mannent LP (2020) Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 9:1133 (in practice)","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6848_CR32","first-page":"852","volume":"88","author":"J Malaty","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malaty J, Malaty IAC (2013) Smell and taste disorders in primary care. Am Fam Physician 88:852\u2013859","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"6848_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.04.002","volume":"46","author":"T Miwa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miwa T, Ikeda K, Ishibashi T, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Matsuwaki Y et al (2019) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of olfactory dysfunction\u2014secondary publication. Auris Nasus Larynx 46:653\u2013662","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"6848_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"88","author":"P Kohli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kohli P, Naik AN, Farhood Z, Ong AA, Nguyen SA, Soler ZM et al (2016) Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 88:1\u201313","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"6848_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22515","volume":"10","author":"NA Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen NA (2020) The spectrum of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy: from irrigation to the off-target effects of biologics. Int Forum Allergy Rhinology 10:5\u20136","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinology"},{"key":"6848_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4207","volume":"29","author":"D Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta D, Gulati A, Singh I, Tekur U (2015) Impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfaction and use of alternative components in odor threshold measurement. Am J Rhinol Allergy 29:e117\u2013e120","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"6848_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.024","volume":"145","author":"J Mullol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mullol J, Marino-Sanchez F, Valls M, Alobid I, Marin C (2020) The sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 145:773\u2013776","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T06:19:12Z","timestamp":1698992352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06848-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Nothing to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}