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Cases with LFs discovered or confirmed during surgical procedure were thoroughly analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LFs were noted in 11.4% of all cases. Thirty-eight patients, with all follow-up data available, were included into the further analysis. Most LFs were located in the lateral semicircular canal (87%). LFs were assessed as small in 2 cases, as medium in 24 patients while 12 were described as large. Based on Dornhoffer and Milewski classification, 50% of LFs were classified as IIa, 24% as IIb, 6 LFs were very deep (type III), while 4\u2014superficial (type I). The size and type of LF did not influence postsurgical complaints (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1070,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.3187, respectively). Vertigo was less frequent in LFs treated by \u201csandwich technique\u201d, especially those with opened endosteum. In 30 (79%) patients, hearing improved or did not change after surgery. Hearing outcomes were significantly better in the ears operated by means of CWU technique (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0339), in LFs with intact membranous labyrinth (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0139) and when \u201csandwich technique\u201d was performed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0159). Postsurgical bone conduction thresholds levels were significantly better in LFs covered by \u201csandwich method\u201d (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0440).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u201cSandwich technique\u201d (temporal fascia\u2013bone pate\u2013temporal fascia) enables preservation of hearing as well as antivertiginous effect in patients with cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06934-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T08:02:32Z","timestamp":1624003352000},"page":"2329-2337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["\u201cSandwich technique\u201d enables preservation of hearing and antivertiginous effect in cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bartochowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8903-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Pietraszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wierzbicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Gaw\u0119cki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6934_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-017-1072-y","volume":"69","author":"P Sagar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sagar P, Devaraja K, Kumar R, Bolu S, Sharma SC (2017) Cholesteatoma induced labyrinthine fistula: is aggressiveness in removing disease justified? 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