{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T05:38:16Z","timestamp":1757309896603,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004769","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purposes<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the effects for Ultra 3D cochlear implant (CI) positioning on MR imaging quality, looking at a comprehensive description of intracranial structures in cases of unilateral and bilateral CI placement.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Four CI angular positions (90\u00b0, 120\u00b0, 135\u00b0 and 160\u00b0) at 9\u00a0cm distance from the outer-ear canal were explored. The 1.5\u00a0T MRI assessment included our institutional protocol for the investigation of brain pathologies without gadolinium application. Three investigators (two experienced neuroradiologists and one experienced otoneurosurgeon) independently evaluated the MR findings. A 4-point scale was adopted to describe 14 intracranial structures and to determine which CI positioning allowed the best image quality score and how bilateral CI placement modified MRI scan visibility.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A high positive correlation was found between the three blinded observers. Structures situated contralateral from the CI showed high-quality values in all four placements. Structures situated ipsilaterally provided results suitable for diagnostic purposes for at least one position. At 90\u00b0, artifacts mainly involved brain structures located cranially and anteriorly (e.g., temporal lobe); on the contrary, at 160\u00b0, artifacts mostly influenced the posterior fossa structures (e.g., occipital lobe). For the bilateral CI condition, MR imaging examination revealed additional artifacts involving all structures located close to either CI, where there was a signal void\/distortion area.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Suitable unilateral CI positioning can allow the visualization of intracranial structures with sufficient visibility for diagnostic purposes. Bilateral CI positioning significantly deteriorates the anatomical visibility. CI positioning might play a crucial role for patients who need post-operative MRI surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T16:45:04Z","timestamp":1628527504000},"page":"2889-2898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The role of cochlear implant positioning on MR imaging quality: a preclinical in vivo study with a novel implant magnet system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6471-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Canzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Magnetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Simoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-1972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Manfrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6793-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Aprile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0509-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvis","family":"Lafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6971-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Carlotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Avato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2760-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Scribante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5479-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Benazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27516","volume":"129","author":"M Shew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shew M, Wichova H, Lin J, Ledbetter LN, Staecker H (2019) Magnetic resonance imaging with cochlear implants and auditory brainstem implants: are we truly practicing MRI safety? Laryngoscope 129:482\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27516","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7005_CR2","unstructured":"MRI safety information for the HiRes Ultra 3D cochlear implant (2018) In: LLC AB, ed.; 1\u20135"},{"key":"7005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132483","volume":"10","author":"F Wagner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wagner F, Wimmer W, Leidolt L, Vischer M, Weder S, Wiest R, Mantokoudis G, Caversaccio MD (2015) Significant artifact reduction at 15T and 3T MRI by the use of a cochlear implant with removable magnet: an experimental human cadaver study. PLoS ONE 10:e0132483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132483","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200408000-00007","volume":"114","author":"PA Wackym","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wackym PA, Michel MA, Prost RW, Banks KL, Runge-Samuelson CL, Firszt JB (2004) Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on internal magnet strength in Med-El Combi 40+ cochlear implants. Laryngoscope 114:1355\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200408000-00007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06349-1","author":"N Ay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ay N, Gehl HB, Sudhoff H, Todt I (2020) Effect of head position on cochlear implant MRI artifact. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06349-1 (online ahead of print)","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001176","volume":"37","author":"JD Sharon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharon JD, Northcutt BG, Aygun N, Francis HW (2016) Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 tesla with a cochlear implant magnet in place: image quality and usability. Otol Neurotol 37:1284\u20131290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001176","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-0994-8","volume":"266","author":"O Majdani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Majdani O, Rau TS, G\u00f6tz F, Zimmerling M, Lenarz M, Lenarz T, Labadie R, Leinung M (2009) Artifacts caused by cochlear implants with non-removable magnets in 3T MRI: phantom and cadaveric studies. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266:1885\u20131890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-009-0994-8","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06464-z","author":"P Canzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Canzi P, Aprile F, Simoncelli A, Manfrin M, Magnetto M, Lafe E, Minervini D, Avato I, Terrani S, Scribante A, Gazibegovic D, Benazzo M (2020) MRI-induced artifact by a cochlear implant with a novel magnet system: an experimental cadaver study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06464-z (online ahead of print)","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000720","volume":"36","author":"I Todt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Todt I, Rademacher G, Mittmann P, Wagner J, Mutze S, Ernst A (2015) MRI artifacts and cochlear implant positioning at 3T in vivo. Otol Neurotol 36:972\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000720","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9163285","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9163285","volume":"2018","author":"D Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der D, Grupe G, Rademacher G, Mutze S, Ernst A, Seidl R, Mittmann P (2018) Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts and cochlear implant positioning at 1.5 T in vivo. Biomed Res Int 2018:9163285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9163285","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"7005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000607","volume":"36","author":"ML Carlson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Sladen DP, Haynes DS, Driscoll CL, DeJong MD, Erickson HC, Sunderhaus LW, Hedley-Williams A, Rosenzweig EA, Davis TJ, Gifford RH (2015) Evidence for the expansion of pediatric cochlear implant candidacy. Otol Neurotol 36:43\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000607","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181c6b831","volume":"31","author":"RH Gifford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gifford RH, Dorman MF, Shallop JK, Sydlowski SA (2010) Evidence for the expansion of adult cochlear implant candidacy. Ear Hear 31:186\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181c6b831","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"7005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2996-9","volume":"159","author":"P Canzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Canzi P, Manfrin M, Perotti M, Aprile F, Quaglieri S, Rebecchi E, Locatelli G, Benazzo M (2017) Translabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy and simultaneous cochlear implant for M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 159:123\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-016-2996-9","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"7005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-702","volume":"36","author":"P Canzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canzi P, Pecci A, Manfrin M, Rebecchi E, Zaninetti C, Bozzi V, Benazzo M (2016) Severe to profound deafness may be associated with MYH9-related disease report of 4 patients. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 36:415\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14639\/0392-100X-702","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"7005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Doc04","DOI":"10.3205\/cto000143","volume":"16","author":"T Lenarz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lenarz T (2018) Cochlear implant - state of the art. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 16:Doc04. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3205\/cto000143","journal-title":"GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170135","volume":"38","author":"HA Edmonson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edmonson HA, Carlson ML, Patton AC, Watson RE (2018) MR Imaging and cochlear implants with retained internal magnets: reducing artifacts near highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Radiographics 38:94\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2018170135","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"7005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E576","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28704","volume":"131","author":"M Barbara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbara M, Margani V, Costanzo R, Salvetti M, Bozzao A, Monini S, Covelli E (2021) Cochlear implantation in neurological patients: case report and literature survey. Laryngoscope 131:E576\u2013E580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28704","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00759","volume":"11","author":"H Sudhoff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sudhoff H, Gehl HB, Scholtz LU, Todt I (2020) MRI observation after intralabyrinthine and vestibular schwannoma resection and cochlear implantation. Front Neurol 11:759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00759","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"7005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e401","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001569","volume":"38","author":"I Todt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Todt I, Tittel A, Ernst A, Mittmann P, Mutze S (2017) Pain free 3 T MRI scans in cochlear implantees. Otol Neurotol 38:e401\u2013e404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001569","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0252-9","volume":"47","author":"I Todt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Todt I, Rademacher G, Grupe G, Stratmann A, Ernst A, Mutze S, Mittmann P (2018) Cochlear implants and 15 T MRI scans: the effect of diametrically bipolar magnets and screw fixation on pain. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 47:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40463-017-0252-9","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002269","volume":"40","author":"ND Cass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cass ND, Honce JM, O\u2019Dell AL, Gubbels SP (2019) First MRI with new cochlear implant with rotatable internal magnet system and proposal for standardization of reporting magnet-related artifact size. Otol Neurotol 40:883\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002269","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e966","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002407","volume":"40","author":"JR Tysome","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tysome JR, Tam YC, Patterson I, Graves MJ, Gazibegovic D (2019) Assessment of a novel 3T MRI compatible cochlear implant magnet: torque, forces, demagnetization, and imaging. Otol Neurotol 40:e966\u2013e974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002407","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T04:54:40Z","timestamp":1651726480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-07005-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0937-4477"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1434-4726"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare that they thank the Advance Bionics AG [Advanced Bionics, St\u00e4fa, Switzerland] for loan of the cochlear implants and funding that study [total amount 32,000\u20ac]. The authors state that this work has received funding from Advance Bionics AG [Advanced Bionics, St\u00e4fa, Switzerland] in the amount of 32,000\u20ac. This does not alter the authors\u2019 adherence to Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. policies on sharing data and materials.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board and medical ethics committee of the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (IRB# 20210027855). Volunteers offered written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}