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Options so far have been either the complete removal of the cholesteatoma or leaving the matrix on the fistula. We evaluated an alternative \u201cunder water\u201d surgical technique for complete cholesteatoma resection, in terms of preservation of postoperative inner ear and vestibular function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2013 to 2019, 20 patients with labyrinthine fistula due to cholesteatoma were operated. We used the canal wall down approach and removal of matrix on the fistula was done as the last step during surgery using the \u201cunder water technique\u201d. The pre and postoperative hearing tests and the vestibular function were retrospectively examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant difference between pre and post-operative bone conduction thresholds; 20% experienced an improvement of more than 10\u00a0dB, with none experiencing a postoperative worsening of sensorineural hearing loss. Among seven patients who presented with vertigo, two had transient vertigo postoperatively but eventually recovered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data show that the \u201cunder water technique\u201d for cholesteatoma removal at the labyrinthine fistula is a viable option in the preservation of inner ear function and facilitating complete cholesteatoma removal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07058-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1632088959000},"page":"3355-3362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Post-operative hearing among patients with labyrinthine fistula as a complication of cholesteatoma using \u201cunder water technique\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5610-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Thangavelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mueller-Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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