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The purpose of the present study was to perform cellular, in vivo, and clinical studies to further examine the safety of HATS for use in masks to improve nasal allergy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Reverse mutation tests for HAT were performed using five bacterial strains. A cellular toxicity test was performed using a Chinese hamster cell line incubated with the HATS extracts. Skin reactions after intradermal administration were examined in rabbits. Skin sensitization tests in guinea pigs were performed using the HATS extracts. HAT was administered to the nasal cavity and conjunctival sac of the rabbits. An oral administration study was performed in rats. Finally, a human skin patch test was performed using the HATS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Reverse mutation tests showed negative results. The cellular toxicity test showed that the HATS extract had moderate cytotoxicity. The intradermal skin reaction and <jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold>kin sensitization tests were all negative. The administration of HAT to the nasal cavity and intraocular administration showed negative results. No toxicity was observed after oral administration of HAT powder up to a dose of 2000\u00a0mg\/kg. Finally, the skin patch test result was negative.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although HAT showed moderate cytotoxicity, in vivo results indicated that HAT is safe because it does not come in direct contact with cells in normal usage, and HATS is safe when used in masks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07289-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T07:02:13Z","timestamp":1646550133000},"page":"4425-4433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Studies on safety and efficacy of particles containing a mixture of hydroxyapatite\u2013argentum\u2013titanium oxide (HAT) and sheets coated with HAT particles to be used in masks to improve nasal allergy: II. 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