{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:49:02Z","timestamp":1790804942026,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004077","name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T10:40:23Z","timestamp":1659091223000},"page":"757-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effects of classical olfactory training in patients with COVID-19-related persistent loss of smell"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"280","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7842-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"At\u0131lay","family":"Yaylac\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel","family":"Azak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9102-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alperen","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3696-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do\u011fukaan Ruhi","family":"Akt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8267-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aynur","family":"Karadenizli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin21.415.10.4193\/Rhin21.415","author":"K Ohla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Green T et al (2022) A follow-up on quantitative and qualitative olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss. Rhinology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin21.415.10.4193\/Rhin21.415","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"7570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","volume":"277","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati D et al (2020) Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 277(8):2251\u20132261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol"},{"key":"7570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab006","volume":"46","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boscolo-Rizzo P, Menegaldo A, Fabbris C et al (2021) Six-month psychophysical evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Chem Senses 46:bjab006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/bjab006","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"5","key":"7570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29383","volume":"131","author":"AS Niklassen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niklassen AS, Draf J, Huart C, Hintschich C, Bocksberger S, Trecca E, Klimek L, Le Bon SD, Altundag A, Hummel T (2021) COVID-19: recovery from chemosensory dysfunction. A multicentre study on smell and taste. Laryngoscope 131(5):1095\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.29383","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"7570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.02.008","volume":"27","author":"H Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein H, Asseo K, Karni N, Benjamini Y, Nir-Paz R, Muszkat M, Israel S, Niv MY (2021) Onset, duration and unresolved symptoms, including smell and taste changes, in mild COVID-19 infection: a cohort study in Israeli patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 27(5):769\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.02.008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"7570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121002279","volume":"135","author":"J Saniasiaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saniasiaya J, Prepageran N (2021) Impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review. J Laryngol Otol 135(11):947\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215121002279","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2019.1614224","volume":"139","author":"XF Qiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiao XF, Wang GP, Li X, Bai YH, Zheng W (2019) Analysis of the clinical effect of olfactory training on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection. Acta Otolaryngol 139(7):643\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016489.2019.1614224","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22624","volume":"10","author":"N Hura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hura N, Xie DX, Choby GW, Schlosser RJ, Orlov CP, Seal SM, Rowan NR (2020) Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 10(9):1065\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22624","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.04.002","volume":"46","author":"T Miwa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miwa T, Ikeda K, Ishibashi T, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Matsuwaki Y, Ogawa T, Shiga H, Suzuki M, Tsuzuki K, Furuta A, Motoo Y, Fujieda S, Kurono Y (2019) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of olfactory dysfunction\u2014secondary publication. Auris Nasus Larynx 46(5):653\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2019.04.002","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"3","key":"7570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21669","volume":"6","author":"K Pekala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pekala K, Chandra RK, Turner JH (2016) Efficacy of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 6(3):299\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.21669","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino16.195","volume":"55","author":"A Sorokowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sorokowska A, Drechsler E, Karwowski M, Hummel T (2017) Effects of olfactory training: a meta-analysis. Rhinology 55(1):17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhino16.195","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101","volume":"119","author":"T Hummel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hummel T, Rissom K, Reden J, H\u00e4hner A, Weidenbecher M, H\u00fcttenbrink KB (2009) Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss. Laryngoscope 119(3):496\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.20101","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"7570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.62","volume":"2","author":"ZM Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel ZM, Wise SK, DelGaudio JM (2017) Randomized controlled trial demonstrating cost-effective method of olfactory training in clinical practice: essential oils at uncontrolled concentration. Laryngosc Investig Otolaryngol 2(2):53\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lio2.62","journal-title":"Laryngosc Investig Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13626","volume":"49","author":"P Ojha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ojha P, Dixit A (2022) Olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: a promising mitigation amidst looming neurocognitive sequelae of the pandemic. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 49(4):462\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.13626","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.251","volume":"58","author":"C Huart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huart C, Philpott C, Konstantinidis I, Altundag A, Whitcroft KL, Trecca E, Cassano M, Rombaux P, Hummel T (2020) Comparison of COVID-19 and common cold chemosensory dysfunction. Rhinology 58(6):623\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin20.251","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","volume":"22","author":"T Hummel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G (1997) \u201cSniffin\u201d sticks\u2019: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 22(1):39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"7570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.889838","volume":"19","author":"H Tekeli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tekeli H, Altunda\u011f A, Saliho\u011flu M, Cay\u00f6n\u00fc M, Kendirli MT (2013) The applicability of the \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d olfactory test in a Turkish population. Med Sci Monitor 19:1221\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.889838","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor"},{"issue":"3","key":"7570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5248-1","volume":"276","author":"A Oleszkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oleszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Croy I, H\u00e4hner A, Hummel T (2019) Updated Sniffin\u2019 Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 276(3):719\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5248-1","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","volume":"116","author":"V Gudziol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gudziol V, L\u00f6tsch J, H\u00e4hner A, Zahnert T, Hummel T (2006) Clinical significance of results from olfactory testing. Laryngoscope 116(10):1858\u20131863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"7570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820943550","volume":"164","author":"N Kattar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kattar N, Do TM, Unis GD, Migneron MR, Thomas AJ, McCoul ED (2021) Olfactory training for postviral olfactory dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 164(2):244\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599820943550","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"7570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25245","volume":"125","author":"A Altundag","year":"2015","unstructured":"Altundag A, Cayonu M, Kayabasoglu G, Salihoglu M, Tekeli H, Saglam O, Hummel T (2015) Modified olfactory training in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss. Laryngoscope 125(8):1763\u20131766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25245","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"7570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4576-x","volume":"274","author":"T Hummel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hummel T, Whitcroft KL, Rueter G, Haehner A (2017) Intranasal vitamin A is beneficial in post-infectious olfactory loss. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 274(7):2819\u20132825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-017-4576-x","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27045","volume":"128","author":"J Gellrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gellrich J, Han P, Manesse C, Betz A, Junghanns A, Raue C, Schriever VA, Hummel T (2018) Brain volume changes in hyposmic patients before and after olfactory training. Laryngoscope 128(7):1531\u20131536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.27045","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"12","key":"7570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123275","volume":"11","author":"C Vandersteen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vandersteen C, Payne M, Dumas L-\u00c9 et al (2022) Olfactory training in post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory disorders: value normalization for threshold but not identification. J Clin Med 11(12):3275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11123275","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30101","volume":"132","author":"A Altundag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altundag A, Yilmaz E, Kesimli MC (2022) Modified olfactory training is an effective treatment method for COVID-19 induced parosmia. Laryngoscope 132(7):1433\u20131438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.30101","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"7570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06520-8","volume":"278","author":"SD Le Bon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le Bon SD, Konopnicki D, Pisarski N, Prunier L, Lechien JR, Horoi M (2021) Efficacy and safety of oral corticosteroids and olfactory training in the management of COVID-19-related loss of smell. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 278(8):3113\u20133117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06520-8","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.264","volume":"54","author":"I Konstantinidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konstantinidis I, Tsakiropoulou E, Constantinidis J (2016) Long term effects of olfactory training in patients with post-infectious olfactory loss. Rhinology 54(2):170\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhino15.264","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20-262","volume":"59","author":"DT Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu DT, Pellegrino R, Sabha M, Aytug A, Aytug A, Damm M, Poletti SC, Croy I, Hohner A, Oleszkiewicz A, Mandy C, Hummel T (2021) Factors associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training: a retrospective study including 601 participants. Rhinology 59(1):91\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin20-262","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29277","volume":"131","author":"DT Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu DT, Sabha M, Damm M, Philpott C, Oleszkiewicz A, H\u00e4hner A, Hummel T (2021) Parosmia is associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training. Laryngoscope 131(3):618\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.29277","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"7570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892419887895","volume":"34","author":"MA Fornazieri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fornazieri MA, Garcia E, Lopes N, Miyazawa I, Silva G, Monteiro R, Pinna FR, Voegels RL, Doty RL (2020) Adherence and efficacy of olfactory training as a treatment for persistent olfactory loss. Am J Rhinol Allergy 34(2):238\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1945892419887895","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"7570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05939-3","volume":"277","author":"O Saatci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saatci O, Altundag A, Duz OA, Hummel T (2020) Olfactory training ball improves adherence and olfactory outcomes in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 277(7):2125\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-05939-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T07:05:27Z","timestamp":1674025527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["7570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07570-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki on Biomedical Studies Involving Human Subjects. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey (KAEK 2021\/01.06.)","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}