{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:10:47Z","timestamp":1793725847485,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease, which is usually type 2-mediated in the western hemisphere, associated with severe therapeutic and socioeconomic challenges. The first targeted systemic treatment option for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP is a human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor \u03b1 (IL-4R\u03b1) subunit called dupilumab, which was approved for subcutaneous administration in Germany in October 2019. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of dupilumab in real life in patients treated with dupilumab in label according to license in our department in 2019\u20132021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Since October 2019, we have investigated 40 patients (18 men, 22 women) treated with dupilumab in a single-center, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study. The following parameters were collected before treatment (baseline), at 1\u00a0month, 4\u00a0months, 7\u00a0months, 10\u00a0months, and 13\u00a0months: the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), the forced expiratory pressure in 1\u00a0s (FEV-1), the olfactometry using Sniffin' Sticks-12 identification test (SSIT), a visual analog scale of the total complaints, the Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), histologic findings as well as total serum IgE, eosinophilic cationic protein in serum and blood eosinophils.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The average age was 52.7\u00a0years (\u00b1\u200915.3). The follow-up period was 13\u00a0months. The SNOT-22 average was 60 points (\u00b1\u200922.2) at the first visit, 28.2 points (\u00b1\u200917.1) after 4\u00a0months and 20.8 points (\u00b1\u200917.7) after 13\u00a0months. The NPS was 4.3 points (\u00b1\u20091.5), after 4\u00a0months 2.1 points (\u00b1\u20091.3) and after 13\u00a0months 1.4 points (\u00b1\u20091.1). Olfactometry showed 3.2 points (\u00b1\u20093.7) at the baseline, 7.0 points (\u00b1\u20094.0) after 4\u00a0months and 7.8 points (\u00b1\u20093.5) after 13\u00a0months. The other parameters also improved. Most parameters showed linear dependence in the slopes under therapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Adverse side effects were mostly only mild, and no rescue therapy was needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a clear improvement in the medical condition and symptoms in all categories mentioned under therapy with dupilumab, as well as a reduction in the need for systemic glucocorticoids and revision surgery as rescue treatment. Our results show that dupilumab tends to be an effective therapy alternative for severe CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]],"date-time":"2022-10-15T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1665842561000},"page":"1741-1755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Dupilumab (Dupixent\u00ae) tends to be an effective therapy for uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: real data of a single-centered, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study from a university hospital in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"280","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5798-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rdis K.","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe C.","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amra","family":"Hot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Oqueka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian S.","family":"Betz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7679_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25180","volume":"125","author":"KA Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith KA, Orlandi RR, Rudmik L (2015) Cost of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review: Cost of Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 125:1547\u20131556","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7679_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.600","volume":"0","author":"WJ Fokkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ et al (2020) European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinol J. 0:1\u2013464","journal-title":"Rhinol J."},{"key":"7679_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x","volume":"66","author":"D Hastan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hastan D et al (2011) Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe\u2014an underestimated disease. A GA2LEN study: chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe. Allergy 66:1216\u20131223","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S243053","volume":"14","author":"HH Kariyawasam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kariyawasam HH, James LK, Gane SB (2020) Dupilumab: clinical efficacy of blocking IL-4\/IL-13 signalling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Drug Des Devel Ther 14:1757\u20131769","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"7679_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.12.027","volume":"5","author":"WW Stevens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stevens WW et al (2017) Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 5:1061-1070.e3","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"7679_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21674","volume":"6","author":"C Promsopa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Promsopa C et al (2016) Prevalence of confirmed asthma varies in chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes: asthma prevalence in CRS subtypes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 6:373\u2013377","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"7679_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3284","volume":"23","author":"AN Pearlman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pearlman AN et al (2009) Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy 23:145\u2013148","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","volume":"181","author":"WC Moore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moore WC et al (2010) Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the severe asthma research program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:315\u2013323","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7679_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22064","volume":"8","author":"C John Staniorski","year":"2018","unstructured":"John Staniorski C et al (2018) Asthma onset pattern and patient outcomes in a chronic rhinosinusitis population. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 8:495\u2013503","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"7679_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.042","volume":"133","author":"W Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu W et al (2014) Unsupervised phenotyping of Severe Asthma Research Program participants using expanded lung data. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133:1280\u20131288","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13599","volume":"74","author":"ML Kowalski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kowalski ML et al (2019) Diagnosis and management of NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD)\u2014a EAACI position paper. Allergy 74:28\u201339","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.347","volume":"9","author":"A Lyly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyly A et al (2021) Factors affecting upper airway control of NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease: a real-world study of 167 patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 9:80\u201389","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"7679_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2007.11.005","volume":"29","author":"JY Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee JY, Lee SW, Lee JD (2008) Comparison of the surgical outcome between primary and revision endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Am J Otolaryngol 29:379\u2013384","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"7679_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420962822","volume":"130","author":"U Thunberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thunberg U, Saber A, S\u00f6derquist B, Hugosson S (2021) Long-term clinical follow-up of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 130:504\u2013512","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"7679_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2960","volume":"21","author":"JL Hessler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hessler JL et al (2007) Clinical outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis in response to medical therapy: results of a prospective study. Am J Rhinol 21:10\u201318","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"7679_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31881-1","volume":"394","author":"C Bachert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bachert C et al (2019) Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials. Lancet 394:1638\u20131650","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7679_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401","volume":"58","author":"WJ Fokkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ (2020) EPOS2020: a major step forward. Rhinol J 58:1\u20131","journal-title":"Rhinol J"},{"key":"7679_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0768-3","volume":"77","author":"M Shirley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shirley M (2017) Dupilumab: first global approval. Drugs 77:1115\u20131121","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"7679_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1582403","volume":"15","author":"Q Thibodeaux","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thibodeaux Q et al (2019) A review of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic diseases. Hum Vaccines Immunother 15:2129\u20132139","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"7679_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14151","volume":"75","author":"A Le Floc\u2019h","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le Floc\u2019h A et al (2020) Dual blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 with dupilumab, an IL-4R\u03b1 antibody, is required to broadly inhibit type 2 inflammation. Allergy 75:1188\u20131204","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1544","volume":"9","author":"TR Ramalingam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramalingam TR et al (2008) Unique functions of the type II interleukin 4 receptor identified in mice lacking the interleukin 13 receptor \u03b11 chain. Nat Immunol 9:25\u201333","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001015","volume":"110","author":"T Hummel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hummel T, Rosenheim K, Konnerth C-G, Kobal G (2001) Screening of olfactory function with a four-minute odor identification test: reliability, normative data, and investigations in patients with olfactory loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 110:976\u2013981","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"7679_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.047","volume":"131","author":"P Gevaert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gevaert P et al (2013) Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:110-116.e1","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01298-9","volume":"80","author":"SM Hoy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoy SM (2020) Dupilumab: a review in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Drugs 80:711\u2013717","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"7679_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.01.012","volume":"126","author":"TM Laidlaw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laidlaw TM et al (2021) Dupilumab improves upper and lower airway disease control in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 126:584-592.e1","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121701","volume":"109","author":"S Guerra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guerra S, Sherrill DL, Martinez FD, Barbee RA (2002) Rhinitis as an independent risk factor for adult-onset asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109:419\u2013425","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000479387","volume":"173","author":"R Kambara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kambara R et al (2017) Lower airway inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis as determined by exhaled nitric oxide. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 173:225\u2013232","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2017.07.020","volume":"45","author":"K Uraguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uraguchi K et al (2018) Pulmonary function in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx 45:476\u2013481","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"7679_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00332-z","volume":"10","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M et al (2020) Distinct type 2-high inflammation associated molecular signatures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with comorbid asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 10:26","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4076","volume":"28","author":"K H\u00e5kansson","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson K et al (2014) A comparative and descriptive study of asthma in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 28:383\u2013387","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.295","volume":"49","author":"I Alobid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alobid I et al (2011) Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis. Rhinol J 49:519\u2013524","journal-title":"Rhinol J"},{"key":"7679_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27852","volume":"129","author":"N Bhattacharyya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya N et al (2019) Cost burden and resource utilization in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 129:1969\u20131975","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7679_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino09.095","volume":"48","author":"L Bilodeau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bilodeau L, Boulay M-E, Prince P, Boisvert P, Boulet L-P (2010) Comparative clinical and airway inflammatory features of asthmatics with or without polyps. Rhinol J 48:420\u2013425","journal-title":"Rhinol J"},{"key":"7679_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13984","volume":"75","author":"C Bachert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bachert C et al (2020) Dupilumab improves health-related quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Allergy 75:148\u2013157","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15183","volume":"60","author":"T Yamauchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamauchi T et al (2021) Dupilumab treatment ameliorates clinical and hematological symptoms, including blood eosinophilia, in patients with atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 60:190\u2013195","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"7679_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13954","volume":"51","author":"JD Hamilton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamilton JD et al (2021) Dupilumab suppresses type 2 inflammatory biomarkers across multiple atopic, allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 51:915\u2013931","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13685","volume":"74","author":"K Jonstam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonstam K et al (2019) Dupilumab reduces local type 2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Allergy 74:743\u2013752","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112374","volume":"107","author":"C Bachert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SGO, van Cauwenberge P (2001) Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:607\u2013614","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x","volume":"61","author":"T Van Zele","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Zele T et al (2006) Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediators. Allergy 61:1280\u20131289","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.049","volume":"128","author":"K Van Crombruggen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Crombruggen K, Zhang N, Gevaert P, Tomassen P, Bachert C (2011) Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: Inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:728\u2013732","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092","volume":"378","author":"M Castro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castro M et al (2018) Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med 378:2486\u20132496","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7679_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112266","volume":"107","author":"K Amin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amin K et al (2001) Inflammatory cell and epithelial characteristics of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis with a symptom history of 1 to 3 years\u2019 duration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:249\u2013257","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01726-9","volume":"134","author":"EM Messmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Messmer EM, May CA, Stefani FH, Welge-Luessen U, Kampik A (2002) Toxic eosinophil granule protein deposition in corneal ulcerations and scars associated with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 134:816\u2013821","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7679_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.12.008","volume":"113","author":"JM Hohlfeld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hohlfeld JM, Schmiedl A, Erpenbeck VJ, Venge P, Krug N (2004) Eosinophil cationic protein alters pulmonary surfactant structure and function in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:496\u2013502","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.3.801","volume":"139","author":"S Motojima","year":"1989","unstructured":"Motojima S, Frigas E, Loegering DA, Gleich GJ (1989) Toxicity of eosinophil cationic proteins for guinea pig tracheal epithelium in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:801\u2013805","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"7679_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.024","volume":"125","author":"A Straumann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Straumann A et al (2003) Natural history of primary eosinophilic esophagitis: a follow-up of 30 adult patients for up to 11.5 years. Gastroenterology 125:1660\u20131669","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"7679_CR47","first-page":"338","volume":"19","author":"J Dom\u00ednguez-Ortega","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez-Ortega J et al (2009) Eosinophilic esophagitis due to profilin allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 19:338\u2013339","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7679_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03244.x","volume":"39","author":"K Solarewicz-Madejek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solarewicz-Madejek K et al (2009) T cells and eosinophils in bronchial smooth muscle cell death in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 39:845\u2013855","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15134","volume":"77","author":"RJL van der Lans","year":"2022","unstructured":"van der Lans RJL et al (2022) Real-life observational cohort verifies high efficacy of dupilumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy 77:670\u2013674","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"7679_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29230","author":"S Fujieda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujieda S et al (2021) The effect of dupilumab on intractable chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Japan. Laryngoscope. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.29230","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T11:33:48Z","timestamp":1678102428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07679-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"ASH reports service on advisory board and receiving honoraria for lectures and travel expenses from Sanofi, Novartis and GSK. There are no conflicts of interest for any of the other authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of Hamburg, Germany (2020\u201310264-BO-ff).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}