{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1786980116810,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) in primary and revision surgeries, and to investigate the impact of the number of previous surgeries on hearing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of cases with OCR due to chronic otitis in a tertiary center between January 2018 and September 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Altogether, 147 cases of ossicle involvement were assessed. In 91.83% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009135) OCR was performed, 96.26% of them with titanium TORP\/PORP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009130), two cases with autologous prosthesis and three with piston. Mean follow-up was 8.8\u00a0months. The ABG significantly improved in the total group (TORP\/PORP) from a mean (SD) of 30.94 (15.55) to 19.76 (13.36) dB (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) with 60.86% success. The best results were achieved in primary OCR with PORP implantation without cholesteatoma (89.47%). Primary cases have a significantly higher success rate in contrary to revision surgeries (72.27%, vs. 52.00%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). The only relevant predictive factor proved to be the fact of revision (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029). A statistically significant correlation between the number of previous surgeries and hearing results could not be proved. There was no difference in hearing outcomes between patients with only one or more than one previous surgeries in the revision groups. Neither the presence of cholesteatoma, nor the type of OCR (TOPR\/PORP) and the indication of revision had an impact on postoperative ABG.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Titanium prostheses are effective in OCR both in primary and revision cases. It is not the number of previous surgeries, but the fact of revision that influences postoperative hearing results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T21:14:41Z","timestamp":1676754881000},"page":"3177-3185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Primary ossiculoplasties provide better hearing results than revisions: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"280","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korn\u00e9l","family":"D\u00e1nos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Tam\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Polony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05339-2","volume":"276","author":"M Akarcay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akarcay M, Kalcioglu MT, Tuysuz O, Timurlenk E, Guclu H (2019) Ossicular chain erosion in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma or granulation tissue or without those: analysis of 915 cases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:1301\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-019-05339-2","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR2","first-page":"309","volume":"32","author":"R Albera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albera R, Canale A, Piumetto E, Lacilla M, Dagna F (2012) Ossicular chain lesions in cholesteatoma. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 32:309\u2013313","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"7835_CR3","first-page":"125","volume":"24","author":"G Mohammadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohammadi G, Naderpour M, Mousaviagdas M (2012) Ossicular erosion in patients requiring surgery for cholesteatoma. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 24:125\u2013128","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200301000-00007","volume":"24","author":"FC Jeng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jeng FC, Tsai MH, Brown CJ (2003) Relationship of preoperative findings and ossicular discontinuity in chronic otitis media. Otol Neurotol 24:29\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00129492-200301000-00007","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7835_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2010.07.010","volume":"38","author":"E Lesinskas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lesinskas E, Stankeviciute V (2011) Results of revision tympanoplasty for chronic non-cholesteatomatous otitis media. Auris Nasus Larynx 38:196\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2010.07.010","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"7835_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2019.5554","volume":"15","author":"T Horvath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horvath T, Lukacs D, Horvath B, Ferenci T, Liktor B (2019) Does the type of ossicular chain lesion affect outcomes in chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma? J Int Adv Otol 15:28\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/iao.2019.5554","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"key":"7835_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-018-1369-5","volume":"71","author":"A Hajela","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hajela A, Kumar S, Singh HP, Verma V (2019) Comparison of ossiculoplasty using autograft ossicle versus allograft (teflon). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 71:1309\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-018-1369-5","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7835_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.556662","volume":"131","author":"LC Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang LC, Zhang TY, Dai PD, Luo JF (2011) Titanium versus non-titanium prostheses in ossiculoplasty: a meta-analysis. Acta Otolaryngol 131:708\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016489.2011.556662","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817bd807","volume":"118","author":"CS Coffey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coffey CS, Lee FS, Lambert PR (2008) Titanium versus nontitanium prostheses in ossiculoplasty. Laryngoscope 118:1650\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817bd807","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200310000-00013","volume":"113","author":"TA Hillman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hillman TA, Shelton C (2003) Ossicular chain reconstruction: titanium versus plastipore. Laryngoscope 113:1731\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200310000-00013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00011","volume":"114","author":"EK Gardner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gardner EK, Jackson CG, Kaylie DM (2004) Results with titanium ossicular reconstruction prostheses. Laryngoscope 114:65\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.11.005","volume":"128","author":"A Mardassi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mardassi A, Deveze A, Sanjuan M, Mancini J, Parikh B et al (2011) Titanium ossicular chain replacement prostheses: prognostic factors and preliminary functional results. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 128:53\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.11.005","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"7835_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2010.516014","volume":"131","author":"N Quaranta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quaranta N, Zizzi S, Quaranta A (2011) Hearing results using titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis in intact canal wall tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol 131:36\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016489.2010.516014","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4350-5","volume":"274","author":"SS Elicora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elicora SS, Erdem D, Dinc AE, Damar M, Biskin S (2017) The effects of surgery type and different ossiculoplasty materials on the hearing results in cholesteatoma surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 274:773\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-016-4350-5","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00010","volume":"114","author":"AD Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin AD, Harner SG (2004) Ossicular reconstruction with titanium prosthesis. Laryngoscope 114:61\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200401000-00010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200105000-00005","volume":"22","author":"JL Dornhoffer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dornhoffer JL, Gardner E (2001) Prognostic factors in ossiculoplasty: a statistical staging system. Otol Neurotol 22:299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00129492-200105000-00005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7835_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000231598.33585.8f","volume":"28","author":"C De Vos","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Vos C, Gersdorff M, G\u00e9rard JM (2007) Prognostic factors in ossiculoplasty. Otol Neurotol 28:61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mao.0000231598.33585.8f","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7835_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002050","volume":"40","author":"JC Page","year":"2019","unstructured":"Page JC, Cox MD, King D, Allsopp T, Dornhoffer JL (2019) Long-term outcomes of ossiculoplasty with and without an intact malleus. Otol Neurotol 40:73\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002050","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7835_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2009.05.004","volume":"37","author":"A Alaani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alaani A, Raut VV (2010) Kurz titanium prosthesis ossiculoplasty\u2013follow-up statistical analysis of factors affecting one year hearing results. Auris Nasus Larynx 37:150\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2009.05.004","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"7835_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.11.019","volume":"48","author":"J K\u00e1lm\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n J, Horv\u00e1th T, Liktor B, D\u00e1nos K, Tam\u00e1s L, G\u0151d\u00e9ny M, Polony G (2021) Limitations of non-echo planar diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (non-EPI MRI) in cholesteatoma surveillance after ossicular chain reconstruction. A prospective study. Auris Nasus Larynx 48:630\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2020.11.019","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"7835_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6","volume":"113","author":"American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc","year":"1995","unstructured":"American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc (1995) Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for the evaluation of results of treatment of conductive hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113:186\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0194-5998(95)70103-6","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7835_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-195608000-00008","volume":"66","author":"H Wullstein","year":"1956","unstructured":"Wullstein H (1956) Theory and practice of tympanoplasty. Laryngoscope 66:1076\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1288\/00005537-195608000-00008","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200309000-00021","volume":"113","author":"BA Neff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neff BA, Rizer FM, Schuring AG, Lippy WH (2003) Tympano-ossiculoplasty utilizing the Spiggle and Theis titanium total ossicular replacement prosthesis. Laryngoscope 113:1525\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200309000-00021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-005-1002-6","volume":"263","author":"S Schmerber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmerber S, Troussier J, Dumas G, Lavieille JP, Nguyen DQ (2006) Hearing results with the titanium ossicular replacement prostheses. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263:347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-005-1002-6","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817696303","volume":"157","author":"PT Le","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le PT, O\u2019Connell BP, Baker AB, Keller RG, Lambert PR (2017) Titanium ossicular chain reconstruction revision success and preoperative factors predicting success. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 157:99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599817696303","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7835_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.4751","volume":"139","author":"J Meulemans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meulemans J, Wuyts FL, Forton GE (2013) Middle ear reconstruction using the titanium Kurz Variac partial ossicular replacement prosthesis: functional results. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 139:1017\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.4751","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"7835_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318216777f","volume":"32","author":"R Vincent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vincent R, Rovers M, Mistry N, Oates J, Sperling N, Grolman W (2011) Ossiculoplasty in intact stapes and malleus patients: a comparison of PORPs versus TORPs with malleus relocation and Silastic banding techniques. Otol Neurotol 32:616\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318216777f","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"7835_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740100","volume":"26","author":"G Polony","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polony G, G\u00e1borj\u00e1n A, Tam\u00e1s L, Sz\u00e9kely L (2022) Revision stapedotomies: the role of periprosthetic scar tissue formation in the development of unsatisfactory hearing results after stapedotomy. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 26:e422\u2013e427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1740100","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"7835_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200110000-00026","volume":"111","author":"Z Becvarovski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becvarovski Z, Kartush JM (2001) Smoking and tympanoplasty: implications for prognosis and the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI). Laryngoscope 111:1806\u20131811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200110000-00026","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"7835_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000226305.43951.13","volume":"27","author":"M Yung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yung M, Vowler SL (2006) Long-term results in ossiculoplasty: an analysis of prognostic factors. Otol Neurotol 27:874\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mao.0000226305.43951.13","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T07:09:49Z","timestamp":1685084989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-07835-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. All authors contributed to the study conception and design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of Semmelweis University in view of the retrospective nature of the study, and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}